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Drug Action
Drug Action Across the Life Span
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gender Specific Medicine | A developing science that studies the differences in the normal function of men and women and how persons of each sex perceive and experience disease. |
| Placebo effect | Latin, "I will please." A phenomenon that occurs when a patient's positive expectations about treatment positively affect the outcome of therapy. |
| Nocebo effect | Latin, "I will harm." The effect that occurs when the patient's negative expectations about therapy result in less than optimal outcomes. |
| Placebo | An inactive substance prescribed as if it were an effective dose of a needed medication. |
| Tolerance | A person's need for a higher drug dosage to produce the same effects that a lower dosage once provided. |
| Drug dependence | A person's inability to control the ingestion of drugs. |
| Drug accumulation | The effect that occurs when the previously administered drug dose has not yet been metabolized or excreted when the next dose is administered. |
| Carcinogenicity | The ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous. |
| Passive diffusion | A dispersal or spreading out requiring no energy (e.g., a solvent passing across a semipermeable membrane), passing from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute, thus diluting it. |
| Hydrolysis | The chemical alteration or decomposition of a compound with water. |
| Intestinal transit | Passing through the intestines; usually referring to rate of transit—a rapid rate might cause diarrhea, whereas a slow rate might be manifested by constipation. |
| Protein binding | Proteins, carriers of medicines, insoluble in blood. A/f absorption, drugs b/come chemically bonded to proteins & transport drugs to its action site. Stronger attractions pull the drug away from the protein, the drug becomes bound to its receptor site. |
| Drug metabolism | The process by which the body inactivates medicines. |
| Metabolites | Byproducts of metabolism; break down products of a chemical reaction; may be physiologically active or inactive. |
| Therapeutic drug monitoring | The measurement of a drug's concentration in biologic fields to correlate the dosage administered and the level of medicine in the body with the pharmacologic response. |
| Polypharmacy | Drug therapy with several medications; commonly seen in older adults who have more than one disorder requiring drug treatment. |
| Teratogens | A drug that will cause the abnormal development of key tissues (i.e., birth defects) if they are taken at a certain time during gestation. |
| Genetics | The study of how living organisms inherit the characteristics or traits of their ancestors, such as hair color, eye color, skin pigmentation, as well as less obvious traits such as the function of metabolic pathways and susceptibility to illnesses. |
| Genome | The complete package of genetic coding of an organism; the human genome is composed of 23 chromosome pairs, 22 (autosomal) and the remaining pair is the X or Y chromosome that determines male or female sex characteristics. |
| Polymorphisms | Naturally occurring variations in the structures of genes and the products they make for the body. |
| Pharmacogenetics | Effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influence. |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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