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Anti-infective Agent
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Suspect bacterial infection in patients with fever, chills, yellow/green sputum and __________. | Elevated WBC (>10,000 mm3) |
| Gram stain provides____________. | immediate results |
| Culture and Sensitivity takes __________. | 24 - 36 hours for results. |
| C&S identifies specific ____________ and best _________. | bacterium, antibiotic |
| Penicillins | Treat gram positive organisms |
| Penicillins are frequently used for _________. | prophylaxis to decrease the risk of infection. |
| Most common side effect of penicillin is ________. | diarrhea |
| _________% of people are allergic to penicillin. | 15-20 |
| Examples of antibiotics in the penicillin class: | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Nafcillin |
| Drugs for Penicillin resistant organisms: | Oxacillin, Nafacillin, Methacillin |
| Cephalosporins | Have longer half-life than penicillin which allows for less-frequent dosing. |
| First Generation Cephalosporins | Used for community-acquired infections in ambulatory patients and mild to moderate infections in hospitalized patients. |
| Examples of First Generation Cephalosporins | Cephalexin (Keflex), Cefazolin (Ancef) |
| Second Generation Cephalosporins | Used for otitis media in children and for respiratory and UTI infections in hospitalized patients. |
| Examples of Second Generation Cephalosporins. | Cefeclor (Ceclor), Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) |
| Third Generation Cephalosporins | Used in hospital-acquired infections and also for ambulatory patients because of long half-life. |
| Examples of Third Generation Cephalosporins | Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Ceftazidime (Fortaz) |
| Fourth Generation Cephalosporins | Used for pneumonia, urinary tract, and skin infections. Used if a patient is septic and has an increase in WBCs. |
| Examples of Fourth Generation Cephalosporins | Cefepime (Maxipime) |
| Aminoglycosides | Used in serious infections for gram-negative coverage. |
| Aminoglycosides are frequently used concurrently with another drug (________) to fight gram-___________ infections. | Ampicillin, positive |
| Aminoglycosides may be administered by aerosol because of __________. | Systemic toxicity. |
| Examples of aminoglycosides: | Amikacin (Amikin), Gentamicin (Garamycin), Tobramycin (Tobi) |
| Fluoroquinolones | Broad spectrum antibiotic effective in treating respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal and abdominal infections |
| Examples of fluoroquinolones | Levofloxacin (Levaquin), Ceprofloxacin (Cipro) |
| Vancomycin | Indicated for serious, life-threatening infections caused by gram-positive cocci. |
| Vancomycin is the most potent antibiotic available for infections caused by __________. | MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| Vancomycin side effects include: | hypotension, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, flushed skin |
| Vancomycin ____________ should be monitored. | serum levels |
| Some strains of _________ are now resistant to ____________. | MRSA, vancomycin |
| Protein Synthesis Inhibitor are commonly used to __________. | treat pulmonary infections |
| Examples of protein synthesis inhibitors: | Erythromycin (E-mycin), Azithromycin (Zithromax) |
| Antitubercular agents (TB) | Primary drugs used are bactericidal (actively kill bacteria) |
| Examples of primary TB meds: | Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol |
| Secondary TB drugs are ____________ and used in combination with primary drugs when resistance is present. | bacteriostatic (prevent growth of organisms without killing them) |
| Examples of secondary TB meds: | Streptomycin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide |
| Ribavirin (Virazole) may be used to treat | RSV infections |
| Ribavirin is given via ______________ for ____________ hours for __________ days or more. | small particle aerosol generator (SPAG), 12-24, 3-5 |
| Palivizumab (Synagis) | Man- made antibody to RSV |
| Palivizumab (Synagis) inhibits __________________. | action of the virus and helps prevent the infection. |
| Antipneumocystis agent is used to treat _______________. | Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) infections commonly seen in pts with AIDS. |
| Antipneumocystis agent drug is ________________. | Pentamidine (Nebupent) |
| The adverse affect of Pentamidine is _____________. | bronchospasm |
| Pentamidine is administered with a special nebulizer called __________. | Respirgard II |
| Respirgard II incorporates a one-way valve directing exhalation through a bacterial filter to prevent ____________. | Contamination to personnel |
| Antifungal agents - indicated to treat fungal infections. | Amphotericin B, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Caspofungin, Micafungin, Flucytosine, Griseofulvin |
Created by:
JannSpicer
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