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Levy
chapters 1,2,4,15,22,5,10,14,20,21,23,24,26,27,28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| reification | to regard abstract concepts as if they were concrete objects |
| event theory | explanations that lend themselves to direct measurement. can be verified or proven |
| construct theory | explanations that by their very nature are not directly measurable |
| nominal fallacy | we event a special name for something and fool ourselves into believing that we have explained it. ex. she has frotteurism |
| tautolgous reasoning | statement or word wherein the phenomenon is ture by virture of logic form alone. why is that guy so socialble. bc hes an extrovert. why is he a extrovert. bc hes sociable |
| splitting | ego defence mechanism dichotimization. split the world into good or bad |
| correlation | association btw two or more variables. does not prove causation |
| contiguity-causation error | mistake arrived by erroneous conclusion that a cause and effect relationship btw two events exits simply bc the event occurs next to eachohter in time. what happened right before she cried? not always true |
| multiple pathways of causation | multiple reasons we laugh/cry |
| fundamental attribution theory | minimize importance of social situations and find reasoning in personal disposition |
| actor observer bias | actor attributes situation of another to personal disposition while they reason with themselves as situational influence not internal |
| cognitive bias | mistakes that derive from limits that are inherent in our capacity to process info. |
| motivational bias | mistakes that derivefrom our efforts to satisfy our own personal needs. desire for self-esteem/power/prestige. |
| deductive reasoning | we begin with general universal assumptions we known to be true. and then use these assumptions to arrive at particular conclusions. ex. all men are mortal. socrates is a man. all men are socrates. |
| inductive reasoning | begin with particular observations and generalize them to braoder princples. |
| reactivity | phenomenon in which the conduct of research affects the very entity that is being studied. ex. ppl get nervous when in study so act diff. |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | the beliefts that we hold toward other ppl can, w/ or w/ out intent, produce the very behaviors that we expect to find. |
| accommodation | we modify our schema to fit the data |
| assimilation | modify the data to fit the schema. psuedopatients |
| confirmation bias | we selectively gather info consistent w/ our prior expectations. |
| hindsight bias | believe that we could have foreseen how something turned out after we learn the outcome |
| representativeness heurisitc bias | we tend to decide something is an example of a particular schema in a rapid and fallible way. often ignore relevant base info. ex. guess someones jobs by trait |
| availability bias | tend to estimate prob of events based on how easily or quickly specific instances of the event come to mind. |
Created by:
alexa42
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