Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm Comprehensive
Comprehensive Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that readily pass through the blood-brain barrier are... | lipid soluble |
| Decreased response to a drug with prolonged use is... | tolerance |
| Six rights of drug administrations are... | patient, drug, dosage, time, route, documentation |
| Water solubility, reduced blood flow, ionized, small surface area, and bowel hyperactivity are... | factors that reduce drug movement (pharmacokinetics) |
| An example of physical barrier to the distribution of drugs is... | blood brain, blood-eye, or fetal placental |
| Impact of protein binding on drug distribution is... | decreased distribution (intrinsic activity) |
| This organ must be mature and healthy in order to effectively metabolize drugs | liver |
| Size of doses needed for drugs with a high first pass effect: | increase in amount needed |
| Effect of competition for drug metabolizing enzymes on drug levels: | decrease in amount needed |
| Ratio between lethal dose of a drug and effective dose is called... | therapeutic index |
| This organ must be mature and healthy in order to effectively excrete drugs: | kidneys |
| Routes which avoid first pass effect are: | IV, IM, SubQ |
| Non-protein bound, water soluble, ionized: | |
| Safety level of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range: | decreased |
| Amount of time required for the 50% of a dose to be eliminated | half-life |
| Type of drug that mimics the actions of the body's own regulatory molecules: | agonist |
| Type of drug that prevents receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and have no effect of their own: | antagonist |
| Effect of food on rate of drug absorption: | decreases absorption |
| Effect of grapefruit on the levels of many drugs: | increases drug levels (can create toxic effect) |
| Disease produced by drugs: | iatrogenic |
| Tests used to monitor for hepatoxicity: | LFT (tests AST and ALT levels) |
| Tests used to monitor for nephrotoxicity: | BUN, creatinine |
| Test used to monitor for bone marrow suppression: | CBC |
| Proven risk of fetal harm: | Category X |
| Step to minimize entry of medications into breast milk: | Administer just after breastfeeding, use drugs that are water-soluble with a short half-life |
| About 10% of individuals are allergic to this class of antimicrobials: | penicillins |
| 5-10% of individuals who are allergic to penicillins are allergic to this class of antimicrobials: | cephalosporins |
| DOC for treatment of an anaphylactic response: | epinephrine |
| DOC for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staph aureus (MRSA): | vancomycin |
| Antimicrobial that discolors teeth and can cause enamal loss--withhold pregnancy and less than 8 yr.: | tetracycline |
| Antimicrobial alternative for individuals allergic to penicillin: | erythromycin |
| Major toxic effects of this class of antimicrobials are ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity: | aminoglycosides |
| This antimicrobial has a higher risk for photosensitivity: | tetracycline |
| This antimicrobial can produce a hypersensitivity reaction known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (25% mortality): | sulfonamides (sulfamethexazole) |
| DOC for antibiotic associated colitis: | metronidazole |
| This antimicrobial can produce a disulfiram-like reaction if comined with alcohol: | Flagyl |
| Adverse effects of this antimicrobial include infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, phlebitis, hypotension, and bone marrow depression: | Amphotericin B |
| This antimicrobial is used to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV): | acyclovir |
| Contraindicated for persons with hypersensitivity to eggs: | vaccinations |
| Enfavirtide (Fuzeon), zidovudine (Retrovir), efavirenz (Sustiva), Lopinavir (Kaletra), and nelfinavir (Viracept): | anti-retroviral drugs |
| Reduction in viral load: | treatment is working |
| Levodopa, Levodopa with Carbidopa (Sinemet), Amantadine (Symmetrel), and Benztoprine (Cogentin) are... | drugs to treat Parkinson's disease |
| Length of time to wait betwen administration of last dose of Levodopa and first dose of Sinemet: | eight hours |
| To avoid abrupt cessation of this prototype drug's effects--spread out protein intake throughout the day: | Levodopa |
| Dyskinesias, postural hypotension, psychosis, n/v--are adverse effects of this prototype drug used to treat Parkinson's: | Levodopa |
| Tacrine (Cognex) and Memantine (Namenda) are drugs to treat... | Alzheimer's disease |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) carbamazepine (tegretol), valproic acid (depakote), diazepam (valium), and phenobarbital (barbiturate) are... | anti-epileptic drugs |
| DOC for treatment of status epilepticus: | Benzodiazepines (Diazepam/Lorazepam) and Phenytoin |
| This anti-seizure drug should not be administered at a rate faster than 50 mg/min: | Dilantin |
| This anti-seizure drug should not be administered at a rate faster than 2 mg/min: | Benzodiazepines (Diazepam/Lorazepam) |
| These prototype drugs are strong opiods: | Morphine/Fentanyl |
| Prototype opioid antagonist: | Pentazocine/Narcan |
| To avoid this adverse effect, morphine must be administered slowly over 5 minutes: | respiratory depression |
| Morphine should be held if a client's baseline respiratory rate is less than ______/min | twelve |
| Constipation, respiratory depression, urinary retention, emesis, increased ICP, and sedation are adverse effects of this class of analgesics: | opioids |
| A maximum of 4 gm of this prototype drug should be taken in one day in order to avoid hepatoxicity: | acetaminophen |
| Sumatriptan (Imitrex) and ergotamine are... | drugs to treat migraines |
| Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects are the result of inhibition of: | Cox 2 (aspirin) |
| Tinnitus, sweating, headache, and dizziness are symptoms of what type of drug toxicity? | Salicylism |
| Use of this analgesic is contraindicated for children who may have influenza or chickenpox: | aspirin |
| Neurotransmitter at nicotinic and muscaranic receptors: | acetylcholine |
| Location of alpha 1 sympathetic system receptors: | eyes, arterioles, veins, bladder |
| Location of beta 1 sympathetic system receptors: | heart, kidneys |
| Location of beta 2 sympathetic system receptors: | lungs |
| Response to activation of alpha 1 receptors: | pupil dilation |
| Response to activation of beta 1 receptors: | increased heart rate, renin release |
| Response to activation of beta 2 receptors: | bronchodilation |
| Response to blockade of alpha 1 receptors: | pupil constriction |
| Response to blockade of beta 1 receptors: | decreased heart rate, no release of renin |
| Response to blockade of beta 2 receptors: | bronchoconstriction |
| Response to activation of muscarinic receptors on the bladder: | increased urine output |
| Response to activation of muscarinic receptors on the eye: | pupil constriction |
| Response to blockade of muscarinic receptors in the lungs: | bronchodilation |
| Effect of blockade of muscarinic receptors on quantity of secretions: | decrease in output |
| Response to blockade of muscarinic receptors on the heart: | increase in heart rate |
| Prototype drug used to treat hypertension by blockade of alpha 1 receptors: | Prazosin |
| Prototype drug used to treat hypertension, decrease 02 demand, and/or to decrease HR for rapid dysrhythmias through blockade of beta 1 receptors: | Propanolol/Atenolol/Metaprolol |
| Prototype cholinergic (muscarinic) agonist used to treat urinary retention: | Bethanecol |
| Prototype cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis: | Neostygmine |
| Antidote for too much cholinesterase inhibitor or too much cholinergic agonist: | atropine |
| Prototype cholinergic (muscarinic) antagonist: | epinephrine |
| Effect of anticholinergics on pupil diameter: | pupil dilation |
| Drugs which increase contractility are: | positive inatropics |
| Class of drugs which prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotension 2: | ACE inhibitors |
| Effect of blockade of aldosterone secretion in the RAA: | water and sodium excretion (lowers blood pressure) |
| Effect of blockade of the converstion of angiotension 1 to angiotension 2 on vascular smooth muscle: | vasodilation (decreased afterload) |
| Strategies for "first dose" hypotension: | take at bedtime; rise slowly |
| Antihypertensives should be held if the systolic pressure falls below _____ mm Hg | 100 |
| Beta blockers CCB and Dig should be held for baseline pulse rates below _____ bpm | 60 |
| Potential adverse effect of all antihypertensives | hypotension |
| Rate at which furosemide (Lasix) is given IV in order to avoid hypotension: | 20 mg/min |
| Normal (therapeutic) digoxin level: | 0.5-0.9 ng |
| Effect of dopamine and dobutamine on cardiac contractility (output): | increases contractility |
| Cardiosuppressant effects on heart rate, contractility (CO) and AV conduction: | decreases |
| Adverse effect of all vasodilators: | reflex tachycardia, decreases BP |
| Periodic liver function tests are indicated for users of this cholesterol lowering agent: | statins |
| This cholesterol-lowering agent has to be separated from other medications because of its binding effects. It also has constipation and decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins adverse effects: | Questran (cholestyramine) |
| Used for hypertensive crises. Adverse effects include hypertension, cyanide poisoning, and thiocyanate toxicity: | Nipride |
| Toxicity that is characterized by bradycardia, GI symptoms, and CNS effects like visual disturbances. Toxicity is potentiated by hypokalemia: | Digoxin |
| This class of drugs have generic names that end in "sartan": | ARB's (angiotensin receptor blockers) |
| This class of drugs have generic names that end in "pril": | ACE inhibitors |
| This class of drugs have generic names that end in "olol": | Beta blockers |
| Clients taking this antihypertensive agent must be monitored for hyperkalemia: | ACE inhibitors and ARB's |
| Clients taking this antihypertensive agent must be monitored for hypokalemia: | Lasix |
| An adverse effect of this drug is a persistent dry irritating nonproductive cough due to bradykinin accumulation: | ACE inhibitors |
| Digoxin, Dopamine, Dobutamine are referred to as: | positive inatropics |
| DOC for iron deficiency anemia: | 1st choice: Ferrous sulfate; 2nd choice: Iron dextran |
| DOC for Vitamin B12 deficiency: | cyanocobalamin |
| Doc for folic acid deficiency: | folic acid |
| Erythropoietin growth factor: | Epogen |
| Leukopoietic growth factor: | Neupogen |
| Thrombopoietic growth factor: | Neumega |
| DOC for prevention of arterial thromboses: | Ticlid, Plavix, Persantine, aspirin |
| Thrombolytic: | Streptokinase/Altepase |
| DOC for prevention of venous thromboses: | Heparin |
| Antidote for heparin: | Protamine sulfate |
| Antidote for warfarin (Coumadin): | Vitamin K |
| Expected change in stool appearance with iron administration: | dark green, black tarry stools |
| Rationale for test dose prior to IV administration of iron: | analphylactic reaction (IV/IM) |
| Reason that cyanacobalamin is usually not given orally: | |
| Adverse effect associated with filgastrin (Neupogen) administration: | bone pain |
| Adverse effect associated with oprelvekin (Neumega) administration: | fluid retention, cardiac dysrhythmias |
| Lab test to monitor effectiveness of ferrous sulfate: | CBC, iron level |
| Lab test to monitor effectiveness of epoeitin alfa (Epogen): | HGB, CBC diff, BUN, uric acid, creatine, P, K, iron |
| Lab test to monitor effectiveness of filgrastim (Neupogen): | CBC, platelets |
| Lab test to monitor effectiveness of oprelvekin (Neumega): | CBC, platelets |
| Lab test to monitor effectivenes of warfarin: | INR-PT |
| Lab test to monitor effectiveness of heparin: | aPTT |
| Target aPTT range for heparin anticoagulation: | 1.5-2x aPTT(nl 40 sec; target 60-80sec) |
| Target PT range for warfarin anticoagulation: | 1.5-2X normal (nl PT 12 sec) |
| Target INR range for warfarin anticoagulation: | 3-4.5 |
| Interpretation of a WBC of 1800: | low (normal=5,000-10,000) |
| Interpretation of a platelet count of 35,000: | low (normal=150,000-400,000) |
| Potential adverse effect of heparin therapy: | hemorrhage and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia |
| Anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy: | Heparin |
| Expected onset of Warfarin effects: | 8-12 hours after admin. Peak several days |
| Timeframe in which thrombolytics must be administred following symptom onset: | 4-6 hours |
| Most serious adverse effect associated with use of thrombolytics: | bleeding, hypotension |
| Urticaria, itching, flushing, and headache are signs of an allergic reaction to which thrombolytic: | Streptokinase |
| Interpretation of a peak flow meter reading in the yellow zone: | some symptoms present, insufficient control, some intervention (SA beta 2 agonist inhaler) |
| Inhaled beta 2 agonist used for quick relief during an asthma attack: | albuterol |
| Tachycardia, angina, and tremor can be adverse effects of this bronchodilator if taken in excess: | Beta 2 agonists-Albuterol |
| Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylphrine (Neosynephrine): | Sympathomimetics (tx of allergic rhinitus) |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Loratadine (Claritin), and Azelastine (Astelin): | oral/nasal antihistamines |
| Expected action of guafenesin (Mucinex): | stimulate flow of respiratory tracts secretions |
| Expected action of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst): | reacts directly with mucus which results in increased water content of secretions |
| Hypokalemia, immunosupression, fluid retention, ulcerogenic, hyperglycemia: | Glucocorticoids |
| Adverse effect of use of nasal decongestant sprays for more than 3-5 days: | rebound congestion |
| Adverse effect of first generation antihistamines: | drowsiness |
| A leukotriene modifier: | Singulair |
| A mast cell stabilizer: | Cromolyn (Intal) |
| Oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia are possible adverse effects of this inhaled prototype drug: | Glucocorticoids |
| With this prototype drug use to prophylactically treat asthma the nurse must monitor for toxicity. Therapeutic range is 10-20 mcg/ml. | Theophylline (Theolair-SR) |
Created by:
fambrough
Popular Pharmacology sets