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Introduction to drug
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pharmacology | the study of the biological effects of chemicals |
| Drugs | chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of change |
| adverse effects | drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be unpleasant or even dangerous. EXAMPLE Adverse effect of taking Metoprolol is tiredness, shorness of breath, diarrhea |
| Brand Name | name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it; also called a trade name |
| Chemical name | name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies |
| Generic drugs | drugs sold by their generic name; not brand (or trade) name products |
| Generic name | the original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process |
| genetic engineering | process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a chemical to be used as a drug |
| Orphan drug | drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people; these orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop |
| over-the-counter (OTC) drugs | Drugs that are available without a prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed |
| pharmacotherapeutics | clinical pharmacology—the branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of disease in humans |
| teratogenic | having adverse eff ects on the fetus |
| Sources of Drugs | Drugs can come from plants, foods, animals, salts of inorganic compounds, or synthetic sources. |
| Drug evaluation | It must undergo a series of scientific tests to evaluate its actual therapeutic and toxic effects. Before receiving final FDA approval to be marketed to the public,drugs must pass through several stages of development. These include preclinical trials |
| Preclinical trials | involve testing of potential drugs on laboratory animals to determine their therapeutic and adverse effects. |
| Phase I studies | test potential drugs on healthy human subjects. |
| Phase II studies | test potential drugs on patients who have the disease the drugs are designed to treat. |
| Phase III studies | Test drugs in the clinical setting to determine any unanticipated effects or lack of effectiveness. |
| Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) | Enforces the control of drugs with abuse potencial (controlled drugs) |
Created by:
Lake08
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