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CH 12 Sigelman &Ridr

Life-Span Human Development, 9th edition: Gender Roles & Sexuality

TermDefinition
transgender Pertaining to individuals who identify with a gender other than their biological one.
biological sex The physical characteristics that define male and female.
gender A combination of all those features that a society associates with or considers appropriate for being a man and woman.
gender role A pattern of behaviors and traits that defines how to act the part of a female or a male in a particular society.
gender stereotypes Overgeneralized and largely inaccurate beliefs about what males and females are like.
communality An orientation that emphasizes the well-being of others and includes traits of emotionality and sensitivity to others; considered feminine.
agency An orientation toward individual action and achievement that emphasizes traits of dominance, independence, assertiveness, and competitiveness; considered masculine.
systemize To analyze things and explore how they work; male brains (and the brains of autistic individuals) are hypothesized by Baron-Cohen to excel at systemizing, whereas females excel at empathizing.
gender similarities hypothesis The hypothesis that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables.
social-role theory Eagly’s view that gender-role stereotypes are created and maintained by differences in the roles that men and women play in society rather than being inherent in males and females.
gender identity Individuals’ basic awareness that they are either a male or a female.
gender typing The process by which children become aware of their gender and acquire the motives, values, and behaviors considered appropriate for members of their biological sex.
gender segregation The formation of separate boys’ and girls’ peer groups during childhood.
biosocial theory Money and Ehrhardt’s theory of gender-role development that focuses on how biological events influence the development of boys and girls and how early biological developments influence how society reacts to children.
androgenized female A genetic female who was exposed to male sex hormones during the prenatal period and therefore developed malelike external genitals and some masculine behaviors.
gender constancy A solid understanding of oneself as male–female, man–woman, over time and across situations.
gender stability The stage of gender typing in which children realize that their sex remains the same over time.
gender consistency The stage of gender typing in which children realize that their sex is stable across situations or despite changes in activities or appearance.
gender schema (schemata) Organized sets of beliefs and expectations about males and females that guide information processing.
posttraumatic stress disorder A psychological disorder involving flashbacks to traumatizing events, nightmares, and feelings of helplessness and anxiety in the face of danger experienced by victims of extreme trauma such as soldiers in combat and sexually abused children.
gender intensification A magnification of differences between males and females during adolescence associated with increased pressure to conform to traditional gender roles.
sexual orientation A person’s preference for sexual partners of the same or other sex, often characterized as primarily heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.
childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) Lack of adherence as a child to the typical gender-role norms for members of one’s assigned gender group.
hookup A sexual encounter between two people who have often just met and have little expectation of forming a romantic relationship.
double standard The view that sexual behavior appropriate for members of one gender is inappropriate for members of the other.
oral sex Sexual activity involving contact between the mouth and genitals.
sexual assault Unwanted and nonconsensual sexual contact or behavior ranging from unwanted touching to rape.
parental imperative The notion that the demands of parenthood cause men and women to adopt distinct roles and psychological traits.
androgyny A gender-role orientation in which the person blends both positive masculine-stereotyped and positive feminine-stereotyped personality traits.
Created by: PRO Teacher eduktd
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