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Chapter 11
Principles of pharmacology
Term | Definition |
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absorption | the process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream |
action | the therapeutic effect of a medication on the body |
activated charcoal | an oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses |
adsorption | the process of binding or sticking to a surface]\ |
agonist | a medication that causes stimulation of receptors |
antagonist | a medication the binds to a receptor and blocks other medications |
asprin | a medication that is an antipyretic, analgesic, anti inflammatory and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation |
contraindications | conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help or may actually harm a patient |
dose | the amount of medications given on the basis of the patietn's size and age |
enteral medications | medications that enter the body through the digestive system |
epinephrine | a medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree |
gel | a semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes |
generic name | the original chemical name of a medication; the name is not capitalized |
hypoglycemia | an abnormally low blood glucose level |
indications | the therapeutic uses for a specific medication |
inhalation | breathing into the lungs, a medication delivery route |
intramuscular injucetion | an injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route |
intranasal | a delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device into the naris |
intraosseous injection | an injection into the bone, a medication delivery route |
inravenous injection | an injection directly into a vein, a medication delivery route |
medication | a substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain |
medication error | inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patient harm |
metered dose inhaler | a miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled |
mucosal atomizer device | a device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril |
nitroglycerin | a medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer the medication |
oral | by mouth; a medication delivery route |
oral glucose | a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream |
OTC medication | medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription |
oxygen | a gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain especially cannot function without it |
parenteral medications | medications that enter the body by a route other tan t he digestive tract, skin or mucous membranes |
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