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Pers Psych Ch2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| theory* | a general statement about the relationship between constructs or events |
| good theory | parsimonious useful-generate testable hypotheses |
| hypothesis* | a formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables that is logically derived from the theory |
| independent variable* | determines how the groups in the experiment are divided. Often manipulated by the experimenter, i.e- the amount of a drug each group receives, how much anxiety is created in each group, or the type of story each group reads |
| dependent variable (outcome variable)* | measured by the investigator and used to compare the experimental groups |
| interaction | how one independent variable affects the dependent vari-able depends on the other independent variable |
| manipulated independent variable | begins with a large number of participants and randomly assigns them to experimental groups |
| nonmanipulated independent variable (subject variable) | exists without the researcher’s intervention. |
| replication | The more often an effect is found in research, the more confidence we have that it reflects a genuine relationship. |
| case study method* | an in-depth evaluation of a single individual (or sometimes a few individuals) |
| statistical significance | likelihood that a relationship between two or more variables is caused by something other than chance |
| correlation coefficient* | appropriate statistical test when we want to understand the relationship between two measures...range from 1.00 to -1.00 |
| reliability* | when an assessment/test measures consistently |
| internal consistency | all the items on the test measure the same thing |
| internal consistency coefficient | determine how well responses on one test item correlate with responses on the other items |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure |
| predictive validity | the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure |
| hypothetical construct | explanatory variable which is not directly observable i.e.-intelligence |
| face validity | the degree to which a procedure appears effective in terms of its stated aims. |
| congruent validity (convergent validity) | the extent to which scores from the test correlate with other measures of the same construct |
| discriminant validity | the extent to which a test score does not correlate with the scores of theoretically unrelated measures |
| behavioral validation | test scores predict relevant behavior |
| 4 types of validity | face congruent behavioral discriminate |
Created by:
kwatkins27
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