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PGS 222 Ch 13 Exam 4
Marriage, divorce, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cohabitation’s effect on later marriage | 50% of those who live together before marriage are more likely to divorce unless if it's the woman's only sex partner --> Those who wait to live together may be ones who oppose divorce; Believe marriage solves problems; Arranged marriages; Role changes |
| men’s & women’s perceptions re cause of divorce | Discrepancy between American marriage ideal and actual practices (Bible Belt factors); Unrealistic expectations of fulfillment; Fewer support networks for marriage; Lack of preparation for daily issues; Longer life expectancy |
| changes in sexual behavior patterns from Kinsey to today | Wider repertoire of sexual behaviors; More enjoyment; Frequency & duration of sex play increased; Oral stimulation of breasts increased; Manual stimulation of genitals increased; Oral sex increased; Marrieds more satisfied than singles; Sexless unions |
| potential reasons for having an affair | Unhappy with marriage; Not sexually satisfied by partner; Desire for excitement, variety; Desire to re-establish one’s individuality & autonomy; Desire to confirm that they are still desirable to others; Emotional needs not met; lengthy separation; |
| characteristics of those more likely to have affairs | 25% men & 15% women; 18-30 twice as likely as those over 50; Men: substance abuse, sexual dissatisfaction; More permissive sexual attitudes; Higher interest in sex; When women & men matched for sexual attitudes & interest, equally likely to have affair; |
| reasons for high divorce rate | Less value on marriage; Less stigma for divorce; Longer life expectancy but still marrying young; Young marriages only in order to have sex; Shotgun weddings because of high teen pregnancy rates; STDs |
| sexlessness and aging | |
| increase in number of single adults | Majority! (Two adults & children in one household in now the minority) Reflects change in societal attitudes: Celibacy/Long-term or serial monogamy; Singler persons engage in sexual activity less often and are less satisfied than married persons |
| individualistic cultures and marriage | Emphasize feelings of love; Importance of love is a recent innovation |
| polygamy | Collectivist cultures; Most common form of marriage across ages; Prevalent in Middle East & parts of Africa; New opposition from women who don’t want to share man, move toward individualism; Higher HIV; Against the law; Opposed by 92% of adults; Mormon |
| polyandry | A woman is married to 2+ men |
| miscegenation | Interracial marriage illegal until 1967; 5% of all marriages, 10% of those in CA; Still some social stigma, but lessening as 60% of young adults have dated someone of another race |
| geographical region boasting highest divorce rate | Bible Belt: Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma |
| best predictor of marital satisfaction, according to Gottman | 5:1 ratio of positive interaction to negative in order to remain stable and content; "Four Horsemen": Critiscism, Contempt, Defensiveness, Stonewalling; Research based on heterosexual couples |
| swinging | Open marriage but managed monogamy -->consensual |
| the internet and affairs | 41% of adults (more men than women) do not consider online relationships as cheating; Easy to find partners, easier to be discovered |
| factors influencing sexual activity among the aging | |
| same-sex marriage | |
| NHSLS results re extramarital sex | Most cultures have restrictive norms usually for women |
| double standard of aging |
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