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Diagnostic Imaging

Key Terms

TermDefinition
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable (using the lowest amount of radiation in situations)
Anechoic giving a black or dark appearance on the image
Annular array rely upon mechanical translation or rotation to form an 2D image
Anode component of the x-ray tube where the images are produced (+)
Bucky component of x-ray units that holds the x-ray film cassette and moves the grid during x-ray exposure
Cathode contains a tungsten filament which the electrons are generated when heated
Collimators adjustable head shutters installed in the tube head of the x-ray machine
Contrast is the density difference between neighboring regions on a plain radiograph
Direct exposure film highly sensitive to the direct effect of x-rays rather than in combination with an intensifying screen
Distance enhancement to protect from the distance of scatter
Echoic most of the sound is reflected back to the transducer
Film latitude the films inherent ability to produce shades of grey
Film focal distance is the the distance between the center of the anode of the x-ray tube (the focal spot) and the film (top of cassette)
Fluoroscopy type of medical imaging that shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, like an x-ray movie
Focused grids lead strips are placed around angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam
Heel effect the result of unequal distribution of the x-ray beam intensity emitted from the x-ray tube along the cathode-anode axis
Hyperechoic used to describe tissues that reflect more sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues
Hypoechoic used to describe the tissues that reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues
Intensifying screens contain fluorescent crystals bound to a cardboard or plastic base, when exposed to x-ray it emits foci of light
Isoechoic used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echotexture on the screen as surrounding tissues
Kilovoltage peak (kVp) the voltage applied between the cathode and the anode (kilovoltage peak)
Latent image invisible image produced by the exposure to light of a photosensitive material such as photographic film
Maximum permissible dose (MPD) the amount of radiation exposure for the year
Milliamperage (mA) the measure of radiation produced over a set amount of time
Mirror image creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung
Object-film distance (OFD) the distance from the object being imaged to the recording surface
Penumbra effect the unsharpness, or blur, produced by x-ray tube focal spots
Radiographic density the degree of blackness on a radiograph
Radiolucent on a radiograph air or lung tissue will appear more black because it allows more of the radiation to pass through
Radiopaque increasing density will cause the tissue to appear whiter because it absorbs most of the radiation
Rem used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to iodizing radiation (roentgen equivalent in man)
Sievert (SV) used to define a rem ( 1 SV = 100 rems)
Slice thickness the resolution of the scan
Sonolucent most of the sound is transmitted to the deeper tissues, with minimal echoes reflected back to the transducer
Source-image distance (SID) the distance between the source of the x-ray and the film
Ultrasonography used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs
Created by: turtle$2634
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