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Diagnostic Imaging
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable (using the lowest amount of radiation in situations) |
| Anechoic | giving a black or dark appearance on the image |
| Annular array | rely upon mechanical translation or rotation to form an 2D image |
| Anode | component of the x-ray tube where the images are produced (+) |
| Bucky | component of x-ray units that holds the x-ray film cassette and moves the grid during x-ray exposure |
| Cathode | contains a tungsten filament which the electrons are generated when heated |
| Collimators | adjustable head shutters installed in the tube head of the x-ray machine |
| Contrast | is the density difference between neighboring regions on a plain radiograph |
| Direct exposure film | highly sensitive to the direct effect of x-rays rather than in combination with an intensifying screen |
| Distance enhancement | to protect from the distance of scatter |
| Echoic | most of the sound is reflected back to the transducer |
| Film latitude | the films inherent ability to produce shades of grey |
| Film focal distance | is the the distance between the center of the anode of the x-ray tube (the focal spot) and the film (top of cassette) |
| Fluoroscopy | type of medical imaging that shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, like an x-ray movie |
| Focused grids | lead strips are placed around angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam |
| Heel effect | the result of unequal distribution of the x-ray beam intensity emitted from the x-ray tube along the cathode-anode axis |
| Hyperechoic | used to describe tissues that reflect more sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues |
| Hypoechoic | used to describe the tissues that reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues |
| Intensifying screens | contain fluorescent crystals bound to a cardboard or plastic base, when exposed to x-ray it emits foci of light |
| Isoechoic | used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echotexture on the screen as surrounding tissues |
| Kilovoltage peak (kVp) | the voltage applied between the cathode and the anode (kilovoltage peak) |
| Latent image | invisible image produced by the exposure to light of a photosensitive material such as photographic film |
| Maximum permissible dose (MPD) | the amount of radiation exposure for the year |
| Milliamperage (mA) | the measure of radiation produced over a set amount of time |
| Mirror image | creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung |
| Object-film distance (OFD) | the distance from the object being imaged to the recording surface |
| Penumbra effect | the unsharpness, or blur, produced by x-ray tube focal spots |
| Radiographic density | the degree of blackness on a radiograph |
| Radiolucent | on a radiograph air or lung tissue will appear more black because it allows more of the radiation to pass through |
| Radiopaque | increasing density will cause the tissue to appear whiter because it absorbs most of the radiation |
| Rem | used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to iodizing radiation (roentgen equivalent in man) |
| Sievert (SV) | used to define a rem ( 1 SV = 100 rems) |
| Slice thickness | the resolution of the scan |
| Sonolucent | most of the sound is transmitted to the deeper tissues, with minimal echoes reflected back to the transducer |
| Source-image distance (SID) | the distance between the source of the x-ray and the film |
| Ultrasonography | used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs |
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