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Radiology 150
Key Terms pp336
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable-A program in place by the National Committee on Radiation Protection ensuring that radiation exposure is as low as possible by wearing safety protection and using nonmanual restraint for veterinary patients |
| Anechoic | Used to describe tissue that transmits all the sound through to deeper tissues, reflecting none of the sound back to the transducer |
| Annular array | Arranges the crystals in concentric rings |
| Anode | A positively charged electrode in the x-ray tube consisting ofa tungsten target that produces x-rays when hit with electrons from the cathode |
| Bucky | This device puts the grid in motion as the x-rays are generated, blurring the white grid lines on the radiograph |
| Cathode | A negatively charged electrode that produces electrons in the x-ray tube |
| Collimators | A device on an x-ray machine used to restrict the x-ray beam to reduce scatter |
| Contrast | To delineate an organ or area against surrounding soft tissues |
| Direct exposure film | Is more sensitive to direct x-rays than it is to light |
| Distance enhancement | Occurs when the sound beam traverses a cystic structure |
| Echoic | Most of the sound is reflected back to the transducer |
| Film latitude | Film allows for more variation in technique while still producing a diagnostic radiograph |
| Film-focal distance (FFD) | The distance between the source of the x-ray and the film |
| Fluoroscopy | An imaging technique that uses an x-ray tube and image intensifier to produce a continual stream of images |
| Focused grids | Have the lead strips placed at progressively increasing angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam |
| Heel effect | Refers to visible differences in the density produced on a radiograph; there is greater radiation intensity on the cathode side because of the angle of the target on the anode side |
| Hyperechoic | A structure in an ultrasound image that appears bright or white compared with adjacent structures |
| Hypoechoic | Is used to describe tissues that reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues. Areas appear darker than surrounding tissues. |
| Intensifying screens | Plates in the x-ray cassette composed of phosphorescent crystals (phosphors) that function to emit light |
| Isoechoic | Is used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echotexture on the screen as surrounding tissues |
| Kilovoltage peak (kVp) | The maximum voltage applied across an x-ray tube that determines the energy of the electrons produced |
| Latent image | The invisible image in the emulsion of an x-ray film produced after the film has been exposed to light |
| Maximum permissible dose (MPD) | Radiation must have a quality factor figured in to determine the dose |
| Milliamperage (mA) | The exposure time in seconds |
| Mirror image | Creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung interface |
| Object-film distance (OFD) | The distance between the object being radiographed and the film or plate. Object-image distance (OID) is the term now used |
| Penumbra effect | The fuzziness caused by stray x-rays |
| Radiographic density | Is the degree of blackness on a radiograph |
| Radiolucent | Black. Transparent to x-rays |
| Radiopaque | The tissue will appear whiter. Opaque to x-rays |
| Rem | Stands for roentgen equivalent in man. Rem units are used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to ionizing radiation |
| Sievert (SV) | The dose of radiation equivalent to the dose absorbed by tissue; 1Sv equals 100 rem |
| Slice thickness | Occurs when the transducer receives echoes with different amplitudes from the same area at the same depth |
| Sonolucent | Most of the sound is transmitted to the deeper tissues, with only a few echoes reflected back to the transducer. Areas appear dark on the screen |
| Source-image distance (SID) | Is the distance from the target to the recording surface (film) |
| Ultrasonography | Is a noninvasive method of imaging soft tissues |
Created by:
dbusta
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