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Radiology 150

Key Terms pp336

TermDefinition
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable-A program in place by the National Committee on Radiation Protection ensuring that radiation exposure is as low as possible by wearing safety protection and using nonmanual restraint for veterinary patients
Anechoic Used to describe tissue that transmits all the sound through to deeper tissues, reflecting none of the sound back to the transducer
Annular array Arranges the crystals in concentric rings
Anode A positively charged electrode in the x-ray tube consisting ofa tungsten target that produces x-rays when hit with electrons from the cathode
Bucky This device puts the grid in motion as the x-rays are generated, blurring the white grid lines on the radiograph
Cathode A negatively charged electrode that produces electrons in the x-ray tube
Collimators A device on an x-ray machine used to restrict the x-ray beam to reduce scatter
Contrast To delineate an organ or area against surrounding soft tissues
Direct exposure film Is more sensitive to direct x-rays than it is to light
Distance enhancement Occurs when the sound beam traverses a cystic structure
Echoic Most of the sound is reflected back to the transducer
Film latitude Film allows for more variation in technique while still producing a diagnostic radiograph
Film-focal distance (FFD) The distance between the source of the x-ray and the film
Fluoroscopy An imaging technique that uses an x-ray tube and image intensifier to produce a continual stream of images
Focused grids Have the lead strips placed at progressively increasing angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam
Heel effect Refers to visible differences in the density produced on a radiograph; there is greater radiation intensity on the cathode side because of the angle of the target on the anode side
Hyperechoic A structure in an ultrasound image that appears bright or white compared with adjacent structures
Hypoechoic Is used to describe tissues that reflect less sound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues. Areas appear darker than surrounding tissues.
Intensifying screens Plates in the x-ray cassette composed of phosphorescent crystals (phosphors) that function to emit light
Isoechoic Is used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echotexture on the screen as surrounding tissues
Kilovoltage peak (kVp) The maximum voltage applied across an x-ray tube that determines the energy of the electrons produced
Latent image The invisible image in the emulsion of an x-ray film produced after the film has been exposed to light
Maximum permissible dose (MPD) Radiation must have a quality factor figured in to determine the dose
Milliamperage (mA) The exposure time in seconds
Mirror image Creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung interface
Object-film distance (OFD) The distance between the object being radiographed and the film or plate. Object-image distance (OID) is the term now used
Penumbra effect The fuzziness caused by stray x-rays
Radiographic density Is the degree of blackness on a radiograph
Radiolucent Black. Transparent to x-rays
Radiopaque The tissue will appear whiter. Opaque to x-rays
Rem Stands for roentgen equivalent in man. Rem units are used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to ionizing radiation
Sievert (SV) The dose of radiation equivalent to the dose absorbed by tissue; 1Sv equals 100 rem
Slice thickness Occurs when the transducer receives echoes with different amplitudes from the same area at the same depth
Sonolucent Most of the sound is transmitted to the deeper tissues, with only a few echoes reflected back to the transducer. Areas appear dark on the screen
Source-image distance (SID) Is the distance from the target to the recording surface (film)
Ultrasonography Is a noninvasive method of imaging soft tissues
Created by: dbusta
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