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Module 2 Final
Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid toxicity and overdose | Naloxone |
| an opioid-agonist that is 7x stronger than morphine | hydromorphone |
| an opioid agonist that is a 100 more potent than morphine | fentanyl |
| an opioid agonist that is not recommeded for long term pain control due to the risk of seizures | meperidine |
| The dosage of acetaminophen allowed in a 24 hr period in patients with liver disesase and alcoholics | 2000 mg |
| The dosage of acetaminophen allowed in a 24 hr period by the makers of Tylenol | 3000 mg for chronic |
| The amount fo acetaminophen allowed in a 24 hour period by the FDA | 4000 mg for acute |
| The most common adverse effect of NSAIDs | gastric ulceration |
| The most common sign of salicylate in adults | tinnitis and central nervous system effects |
| An adverse effect of aspirin administration to children and teenagers with flu-like symptoms | Reye's syndrome |
| An antigout medication used to prevent acute gout attacks | colchicine allopurinol |
| Nitrates are not swallowed | because of large hepatic 1st pass. |
| nitroglycerin | dinitrite- isosorbide dinitrite-mononitrite-nitrates |
| Nitrate routes of administration | sublingual intravenous (ICU only) ointment transdermal patch |
| Nitrate mechanism of action | generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation -dilate veins >> arteries. reduces preload |
| Nitrate drug interactions | erectile dysfunction drugs end with "denafil" |
| contraindications of nitrates | Allergy |
| adverse effects of nitrates | headache normal (vasodilation) hypotension tachycardia- postural hypotension dizziness-weakness (take laying down at home) |
| acute myocardial infarction treatment | NAOMI |
| NAOMI | nitroglycerin aspirin oxygen morphine intervention stents |
| PCA pump | patient controlled analgesic administered intravenously with a machine |
| patient teaching with PCA pump | only the patient pushes the button- must be mentally able |
| assessments for PCA pump | RR |
| maximum safe doses of acetaminophen for alcoholic or liver disease patients | are lower 2000mg |
| liver toxicity (hepatoxicity) is a common adverse effect | of acetaminophen |
| Antidote for Acetaminophen | acetylcysteine- IV better tolerated smells like rotten egss |
| S/S of acetaminophen toxicity (hepatoxicity) | urine is dark tea colored. elevated liver enzymes. jaundice (sclera of eyes) |
| s/s of GI bleeding | Dark tarry stools. Coffee ground emesis. Bright red rectal bleeding. Fatigue. Pallor. severe abdominal pain |
| black box warning for NSAIDs (excluding aspirin) | GI risk .cardiovascular risk/ can cause MI and stroke |
| when administering NSAIDs assess patient history for | recent GI ulcers and renal function |
| aspirin (NSAID) helps prevent | heart attack strokes prevents platelet aggregation |
| signs of salycilate toxicity & treatment | tinnitus CNS effects hyperventilation discontinue treatment activated charcoal |
| toxic level of salycilate (aspirin) | greater than 30 mg/ dL |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex) | NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor)doesn't impact stomach lining contraindicated in heart disease |
| NSAID better for older adults because of increase GI ulceration and GI bleeding more common | celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) does not impact COX 1 |
| anit-gout medications | allopurinol colchicine probenecid |
| common adverse effect of NSAIDs | GI ulceration GI bleeding |
| NSAIDS | aspirin ibuprofen ketorolac celecoxib |
| opiod antagonist | Naloxone |
| Allopurinol | for cute attacks or long term. prevents uric acid production |
| cholchicine | acute attacks. short term causes leukopenia. decreases inflammatory response to urate crystal deposits in joints |
| Probenecid | Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid. increasing elimination of uric acid in the urine |
| general education for anti gout medication | increase intake of fluid to 3L if not contraindicated. avoid caffeine and alcohol (increase production of uric acid) avoid foods high in purines (organ meats alcohol especially beer) |
| common Opioid Analgesics | codeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, mereperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone |
| fatal opioid drug interaction | CNS depressants |
| Opioid drug interactions | MAOIs alcohol, antihistimines, barbiurates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazine, centrally acting muscle relaxers (cyclobenzaprine) other CNS depressants |
| contraindication of opioids | severe asthma |
| adverse effects of opiods | Constipation Orthostatic hypotension Urinary retention N/V Resp depression bradycardia hypotension sedation dry mouth |
Created by:
lisaeln
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