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Module 1 Final
Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Opioids | codeine sulfate, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone |
| Non-opioid analgesics | acetaminophen, tramadol, lydocaine |
| acetaminophen | analgesic that reduces pain and fever |
| antidote for acetaminophin | acetylcysteine |
| antidote for beta blockers | glucagon |
| anitdote for opioid drugs | nalaxone |
| antidote for benzodiazepines | Flumazenil (Romazicon) |
| anitdote for carbonmonoxide poisoning | oxygen |
| antidote for insecticides (organophosphates) | atropine |
| nursing process | ADPIE |
| 1. Right of Medication Administration | 1. Right Patient |
| 2. Right of Medication Administration | 2. Right Medication |
| 3. Right of Medication Administration | 3. Right Dose |
| 4.Right of Medication Administration | 4. Right Time |
| 5. Right of Medication Administration | 5. Right Route |
| 6. Right of Medication Administration | 6. Right Documentation |
| 7. Right of Medication Administration | 7. Right Reason |
| 8. Right of Medication Administration | 8. Right Response |
| 9. Right of Medication Administration | 9. Right to refuse |
| right patient | requires confirmation of a patient's identity with two forms of identification before drug administration name/ date of birth |
| right medication | check medication label and order 3 times |
| Fastest route of administration | IV (parenteral) goes straight to bloodstream avoids first pass effect |
| The IV route is the fastest route of medication administration because: | highest bioavailability |
| bioavailable | available for the body to use |
| Normal albumin levels | 3.5-5 g/dL |
| avoid grapefruit with | Ca channel blockers, thyroid meds, statins, SSRI, SNRI, cephalosporin |
| the most involved organ in biotransformation is | the liver |
| CYP 450 inhibitors | decreases metabolism of drugs |
| grapefruit is | an inhibitor leads to toxicity |
| CYP 450 inducers | increases metabolism of drugs (speeds up) |
| nicotine is | an inducer leads to toxicity |
| normal creatinine level | less than 1.2 mg/dL |
| steady state | amount excreted = amount absorbed |
| Pediatric lifespan consideration- fat content is low which | decreases absorption of many drugs and leads to toxicity |
| Pharmacokinetic phases | absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
| older adult lifespan considerations for absorption | polypharmacy- increases chance of drug interactions, gastric pH is less acidic, gastric emptying is slowed, blood flow to GI tract is reduced (less cardiac output) |
| polypharmacy | increases chance of drug interactions |
| 3.5-5 | normal albumin level |
| older adult lifespan considerations for distribution | increased fat content- increases absorption of many drugs (need smaller doses), lower albumin levels (decreased protein production) |
| older adult lifespan consideration for metabolism | slower metabolism, decreased blood flow to liver affects liver and albumin levels, decreased liver function- greater risk for toxicity |
| older adult lifespan considerations for excretion | GFR decreased |
| pharmacogenetics | genetic basis for variations in body's response to drugs |
| hypertensive drugs that work better for african americans | Ca channel blockers |
| asians are more susceptible to | antipsychotics and anesthisia |
| environmental factors can contribute to pharmacokinetics of drugs | high fat diet means increased absorption of many drugs, malnutrition can alter ability to absorb/eliminate meds |
| altered ability to absorb/ eliminate medication because of malnutrition is an concern with | alcoholics |
Created by:
lisaeln
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