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Pragmatism
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Metaphysics | Knowledge of the world is impossible to separate from actions upon it There is no reality out there Both facts and values are products of interaction with environment |
Epistemology | Related to experience We do not receive knowledge, we create it with actions in the environment |
Dewey's "How We Think?" | 1. Encounter problem, hesitate 2. Analyze problem, diagnose situation 3. Brainstorm possible solutions 4. Run scenarios with probable consequences 5. Pick the most probable solution and test it 6. If it works, its a good solution |
Axiology | Moving from an individual to a common good We get our values from society, not individuals Everything is relative Truth and ethics are created through a social consensus, not absolutes As culture changes, so do values |
Goal of Education | Foster growth among students Not just academic but prepare students for society Students should be working towards future goals that includes mainly becoming responsible citizens |
Role of Schools | Child’s experiences are important School should be a place where all these experiences are able to make sense to the student |
Methodology of Teaching | Less strict whole class interaction - more group and project work Social interactions for development are crucial Subject knowledge and content areas are related Should follow a pattern of change and adaptation One method does not work for all |
Curriculum | Education should model real life and focus on what will benefit the student Not too strict on morals or adult guidance and direction Learning helps students meet everyday challenges Learn by doing Be active, set objectives, interact with environment |
Role of Teacher | Apply democratic methods Encourage and offer solutions Individualize instruction |
Critique of Pragmatism | Lack of moral basi- If facts change with time, then so do morals Just because something works, doesn't make it necessarily true Thought without action is important in education, but pragmatists believe its pointless |
Pragmatists and God | Does not consider the question of God's existence. Instead, "Does a person's belief in God work satisfactorily for him?" |