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RAD271-Patient Care
Legal/Ethical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define TORT | Violation of CIVIL law; known as personal injury law - states that injured parties have a right to compensation for injury; violating another person's private legal rights (injury to one person not society); can be intentional or unintentional |
| Define INTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT | Includes ASSAULT BATTERY FALSE IMPRISONMENT INVASION OF PRIVACY LIBEL SLANDER |
| Define ASSAULT | action or words that causes fear or apprehension in patient; patient is apprehensive about being injured, imprudent conduct of tech causing fear in patient |
| Define BATTERY | inappropriate touching or harm done to patient; harm resulting from physical contact with tech; can include x-ray of incorrect body part/wrong patient or against patient's will |
| Define FALSE IMPRISONMENT | Unjustified restraint; restraint when patient changes mind about procedure. Caution must be used when using immobilization devices, or having another person hold a patient still |
| Define INVASION OF PRIVACY | violating confidentiality; unnecessary or improperly exposing the patient's body; unnecessary or improper touching of patient's body |
| Define LIBEL | Written defamation of character; disclosing confidential information to unauthorized individuals may be found guilty of invasion of privacy. If the disclosure is in some way detrimental or otherwise harmful to the patient, its defamation. |
| Define SLANDER | spoken defamation of character; disclosing confidential information to unauthorized individuals may be found guilty of invasion of privacy. If the disclosure is in some way detrimental or otherwise harmful to the patient, its defamation. |
| Define DATA MANIPULATION | manipulation of electronic data that is ethically wrong and morally questionable including: A) using incorrect processing algorithm B) Altering exposure indicator C) Cropping/Masking anatomy post-exposure |
| Define UNINTENTIONAL MISCONDUCT | NEGLIGENCE; neglect or omission reasonable care; based on expectation of how a person w/similar education/experience would perform same circumstances; GROSS NEGLIGENCE (reckless disregard); CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE (injured party contributes to injury) |
| Define RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR | "Let the Master Answer"; legal doctrine stating an employer is held liable for employee's negligent act |
| Define RES IPSA LOQUITUR | "The Thing Speaks for Itself"; cause of negligence is obvious; doctrine in common law of torts that infers negligence from nature of accident/injury in absence of direct evidence on how any defendant behaved |
| Define Rule of Personal Responsibility | individuals are responsible for their own actions |
| Radiographic images - common guidelines | a) legal document b) must include - pt ID, anatomic marker (preferably lead) c) date of exposure d) annotation included post processing may not be legally admissible e) normally kept 5-7 years (mammo/black lung kept lifetime of pt); minors 5-7 post 18 |
| Define NONMALIFICENCE | radiographer's responsibility of prevention of harm to patient; Moral principle that describes radiographer's aspiration to do no harm or to allow no act that might cause harm to patient |
| Define BENIFICENCE | decisions and actions made to benefit the patient |
| Describe the AHA Patient's Bill of Rights | 1 considerate/respectful care; 2 be informed; 3 refuse treatment 4 advance directive; 5 privacy; 6 confidentiality; 7 review records; 8 request care; 9 conflict of interest; 10 research studies; 11 continuity of care; 12 know hospital policies/procedure |
| Describe IMPLIED CONSENT | provides for unconscious patient; based on assumption patient would approve care if conscious |
| Describe VALID CONSENT | also called INFORMED consent; Legal age Sound mind Give consent freely adequately informed IE mentally competent; voluntary consent; patient must be informed; legal age; procedure fully explained, including risks; explanation clear in layman's terms |
| Describe SIMPLE CONSENT | obtaining patient's permission without knowledge of procedure - 2 types IMPLIED EXPRESSED |
| Define EXPRESSED CONSENT | A form of SIMPLE consent; also known as EXPLICIT consent; clearly stated but not written; ex. patient changes mind but doesn't stop study |
| Describe INFORMED CONSENT | always in writing after patient has been educated thoroughly of procedure and risks/consequences of procedure; many informed consent forms require a witness signature ex - required for invasive radiographic procedures (ie arthrograms, myelograms) |
| Describe IGNORANT CONSENT | inadequate consent; particularly when injury occurs; occurs when patient was not properly and thoroughly informed of procedure and inherent risks and alternative procedures including risks if patient doesn't complete study |
| Define STANDARD OF CARE | level of expertise generally possessed by a reputable member of the profession |
| Describe DUTY | what SHOULD have been done |
| What is the ARRT Standard of Ethics? | a document containing a preamble, statement of purpose, Code of Ethics (aspirational), Rules of Ethics (enforceable) and administrative procedures This document provides guidelines for the ethical and right thing to do in ambiguous situations. |
| What is the HONOR CODE? | another name for ARRT Rules of Ethics; implies an effective regard for the standards of one's profession, a refusal to lie or deceive, an uprightness of character or action, trustworthiness and incorruptibility (HONESTY, INTEGRITY, PROBITY) |
| List the four elements of a negligent tort. | Duty (what should have been done) Breach (deviation from duty) Injury sustained Cause (as a result of breach, failure to use reasonably prudent care) |
| List the conditions necessary for VALID CONSENT. | patient must be 1. of sound mind, 2. legal age, 3. adequately informed, 4. consent given freely |
| What is an Advance Health Care Directive? | Patient provides directives regarding med care prior to becoming incapacitated; names individual authorized to make all health care decisions, can include specifics - DNR (do not resuscitate), DNI (do not intubate), and other end-of-life decisions |
| What are the areas of litigation that most frequently involve radiology? | Falls and positioning injuries, pregnancy and errors/delays in diagnosis |
| Describe HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Passed by Congress and enacted under USD Health and Human Services; protects patient health information, gives control of who can see it to patient |
| What is DNR? | Do Not Resuscitate Also called NO CODE; used when patient condition is terminal or quality of life seriously declined; agreement between physician and patient (proxy) |
| What is durable power of attorney? | document that provides for patient to name another person to make decisions regarding health care if patient is unable to communicate; allows person named to sign documents |
| Describe the ARRT Mission Statement. | the mission of the ARRT is to promote high standards of patient care by recognizing qualified individuals in medical imaging, interventional procedures and rad therapy |
| What conditions must be met to establish MALPRACTICE? | 1. Establish standard of care; 2. demonstration of violation of standard of care by tech; 3. demonstration loss or injury caused by tech; 4. demonstration loss or injury actually occurred and is a result of negligence |
| What is CHARTING? | entering clear statements regarding patients condition, reaction to contrast agents and amount of contrast injected |
| Describe SCHEDULING of Radiographic Examinations. | *appropriate and timely sequence and do not interfere with other exams *Barium studies last *thyroid assessment MUST PRECEDE any exams using iodinated contrast *contrast studies after non-contrast studies |
| Describe SEQUENCE of examinations. (order of scheduling) | 1. endo studies 2. urinary tract 3. biliary system 4. CT prior to barium study 5. lower GI 6. upper GI |
| Describe patient history. | info for tech to assist rad during interpretation of images; 1. how 2. when 3. where 4. tingling/numbness 5. weakness 6. unconscious 7. why order exam 8. SOB/cough 9. fever/heart probs 10. nausea, vomiting or diarrhea 11. previous 12. fam hx |
Created by:
Larobbins
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