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Chapter 15 Waves
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Waves | Oscillations that carry energy. |
| Oscillations | an up and down or back and forth motion. |
| Vacuum | space that has no matter in it. |
| Mechanical waves | waves that move through matter |
| Types of Mechanical Waves | Longitudinal waves Transverse waves Surface waves |
| Electromagnetic Waves | waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy |
| Types of electromagnetic Waves | radio waves microwaves infrared light ultraviolet x-rays gamma rays |
| Wave Properties | amplitude frequency period wavelength speed phase |
| Amplitude | 1/2 of the distance between a wave's highest and lowest point. |
| Crest | wave's highest point |
| Trough | wave's lowest point |
| Resting Point | line that sets half way between the highest and lowest part of the wave in which the wave intersects |
| Wavelength & symbol | A measure from one point on one wave to the same point on the next wave. |
| Wavelength Units | Greek letter: lambda |
| 3 Ways to Measure Wavelength are : | crest - crest trough - trough resting point - resting point |
| Frequency | number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given time |
| Units for Frequency | hertz (Hz) |
| Wave speed | time it takes for a wave to move from one point to another |
| Wave Speed Units | m/s (meters per second) |
| Wave speed Equation | Wave speed = frequency x wavelength |
| Medium | the type of substance which the wave is traveling through |
| Reflection (& example) | when the wave bounces off the surface ex: mirror |
| Law of reflection | states that a wave will reflect at the same angle that it moved toward the barrier |
| reflected ray | the wave that is bounced off |
| incident ray | the wave that moves towards the wall |
| refraction (& example) | The bending of light waves as they travel through different mediums ex: when you look at something through a glass of water |
| diffraction (& example) | bending of waves around a barrier or the spreading of waves past small openings ex: light around clouds |
| Interference | result of waves colliding with each other |
| Constructive Interference | waves that collide and form a bigger wave |
| Destructive interference | waves that collide and cancel out each other |
| Absorption | the transfer of energy from a from a wave to matter as the waves pass through it |
| Absorbed colors | An object can absorb or not absorb color depending on the material |
| Reflected colors | An object appears a certain color because that is the color it reflects |
| electromagnetic spectrum (***Know the order) | Gamma rays x-rays ultraviolet visible infrared microwave radio |
| visible light spectrum | electromagnetic waves we ca see with our bare eyes, ranges from 700- 400 nano-meters |
| Longitudinal wave | vibrates in the same direction that the waves are moving |
| Expansion | area of a longitudinal wave where the coils are farther apart |
| compression | area of a longitudinal wave where the coils are closer together |
| intensity | how much energy the sound wave carries past a certain area |
| units of sound | Decibel dB |
| pitch | our perception of sound frequency |
| analog Signal | sound waves that carry information but vary continuously in both amplitude and frequency |
| digital signal | Signals that send information as wave pulses |
Created by:
2022maha
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