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Intro Psych-Chp11-12
Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trait Theory | Focuses on the best ways to describe the consistencies & organization of personality. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | Freud believed that your personality results from the struggle opposing forces w/in your mind. Freud's theory that the origin of personality lies in the balance among The ID, The Ego & The Supergo |
| Humanist | We are born with a healthy, positive drive to realize our full potential, but society often interferes with that drive. |
| Social Learning Theory | Personality is simply something that is learned through our interactions with other members of society. People are not born with powerful negative or positive drives. We simply learn our personalities from our interactions with others. |
| Personality | Is the sum total of all the ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are typical for that person and make each person different from other individuals. |
| The ID | The ID houses two sets of instincts, life instincts and death instincts The ID seeks immediate satisfaction of its needs w/o concern for the welfare of others. |
| The Ego | Part of the mind that uses the reality principle to satisfy the ID The Ego is the executive of personality. it seeks to satisfy the needs of the id in ways that are both realistic and safe. |
| The Superego | That part of the mind that opposes the desires of The ID by enforcing moral restrictions and by striving to attain perfection. The SuperEgo represents society's rules of right and wrong. |
| Frued's theory of five stages in development of personality | The ORAL stage the ANAL stage the PHALLIC stage the LATENCY stage the GENITAL stage |
| Oral Stage | Birth to 1 year The FIRST psychosexual stage, in which id gratification is focused on the mouth |
| Oral dependent personality | a person type in which the person seeks pleasure through operating, smoking and other oral means. |
| Oral Aggressive personality | A personality type in which the person seeks pleasure by being verbally hostile to others. |
| Anal Stage | 1 to 3 years The SECOND psychosexual stage, in which gratification is focused on the anus |
| Anal Retentive | A personality type based on anal fixation, in which the person is stingy, obstinate, stubborn and compulsive |
| Anal expulsive | A personality type based on anal fixation in which the person is cruel, pushy, messy and disorderly. |
| Phallic stage | 3 to 6 years the THIRD psychosexual stage, in which gratification is focused on the genitals. |
| Penis Envy | desire of a girl to possess a penis |
| Phallic personality | Personality type caused by fixation in the phallic stage in which the person is selfish, impulsive, and lacking in genuine feeling for others. |
| Latency Stage | 6 to 11 years The FOURTH psychosexual stage, during which sexual energy is sublimated and converted into socially valued activities. |
| Genital Stage | 11 years on The psychosexual stage in which sexual and romantic interest is directed towards one's peers |
| Albert Bandura's view | Personality is the sum total of learned behavior. Sees people as playing an active role in determining their own actions, he emphasizes the importance of cognition in personality *Bandura is Leading proponent of Social Learning Theory* |
| Reciprocal determination | Bandura's observation that the individual's behavior and the social learning environment continually influence one another |
| Self efficacy | According to Bandura, the perception of being capable of achieving ones goals. |
| Situationism | The view that behavior is not consistent but is strongly influenced by different situations |
| Person x situation interactionism | The view that behavior is influenced by a combination of the characteristics of both the person and the situation. |
| Self regulation | According to Bandura, the process of cognitively reinforcing and punishing our own behavior, depending on whether it meets our personal standards. |
| Social Learning Theory (additional card) | The theory that our personalities are formed primarily through learning from other members of society and the theory in which they key concepts are classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modeling. |
| Humanistic Theory | The psychological view that human beings possess an innate tendency to improve and to determine their lives through the decisions they make. Referred to as the THIRD FORCE in psychology. |
| Inner-directedness | A force that humanists believe all people possess that internally leads them to grow and improve. |
| Subjective reality | Each person's unique perception of reality that, according to humanists, plays a key role in organizing our personalities. |
| Maslow & Rogers | A founder of humanistic psychology |
| Self-concept | our subjective perception of who we are and what we are like |
| Allports Trait Theory | The most common traits are Central traits. |
| The Third Force in psychology | is known as the Humanistic theory of personality. |
| Resolution phase | The phase of the human sexual response cycle that the refractory period occurs |
| Six beliefs that foster violence and wars | Superiority Victims of injustice Vulnerability. Distrust Helplessness Sanctions from God |
| Paraventricular nucleus | The brain area responsible for controlling blood sugar levels |
| Lateral Feeding Center | directly stimulates hunger and eating. |
| homeostatic mechanisms (ho ̄ ́ ́me ̄ -o ̄ -stat ́ik) | Internal body mechanisms that sense biological imbalances and stimulate actions to restore the proper balance. |
| hypothalamus (hı ̄ ́ ́po ̄ -thal ́ah-mus) | The part of the forebrain involved with motives, emotions, and the functions of the autonomic nervous system |
| primary motives | Human motives for things that are necessary for survival, such as food, water, and warmth. We consider these to be primary motives, because we must meet these biological needs or die. |
| pituitary gland | The body’s master gland, located near the bottom of the brain, whose hormones help regulate the activity of the other glands in the endocrine system. |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (an ́ ́tı ̄-di ́ ́u ̄-ret ́ik) | A hormone produced by the pituitary that causes the kidneys to conserve water in the body by reabsorbing it from the urine. |
| angiotensin (an ́ ́je ̄ -o ̄ -ten ́sin) | A substance in the blood that signals the hypothalamus that the body needs water. |
| Motivation | The the term that refers to an internal state or condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts, feelings, and actions |
| reticular formation (reh-tik ́u ̄-lar) | Sets of neurons in medulla & pons from which neurons project down the spinal cord to play a role in maintaining muscle tone and cardiac reflexes and upward throughout the cerebral cortex where they influence wakefulness, arousal level, and attention |
Created by:
edarr
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