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speech final01
fundamentals of speech terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the person who originates the message | source |
| individual or group that hears and listens to the message sent by the source | receiver |
| the facial expression seen, the words heard, the visual aids illustrated, and the ideas or meanings conveyed simultaneously between source and receiver | message |
| words the souce chose for the speech | verbal messages |
| movements, gestures, facial expression, and vocal variations that can reinforce or contradict the words | nonverbal messages |
| the means of distributing your words, whether by coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave, radio, air | channel |
| verbal and non vebrbal responses by the audience | feedback |
| time, place, and occasion in which the message sending and receiving occurs | situation |
| interference of obstacles to communication | noise |
| the dynamic interrelationship of course, receiever, message, channel, feedback, sitaution, and noise | process of communication |
| transaction in which speaker and listener simultaneously send, receieve, and intepret messages | communication |
| an offense punishable by no poinyd, a low grade, suspension, or dismissal from college, using a speech, outline, or manuscript from any source | plagairism |
| the audiences perception of your effectiveness as a communicator | source credibility |
| pointing out what features you share with your audience | common ground |
| degree to which the audience percieves the presenter as honest and honorable | trustworthiness |
| thorough familiarity with your topic | competence |
| the energy you expend in delivering your message | dynamism |
| interpreting sounds as a message | listening |
| an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticpated communication with another person or persons | communication apprehension |
| describes essential skills associated with public dialogue and communication | five canons of rhetoric |
| art of finding information | invention |
| pictures or diagrams that allow you to visualize main and subordinate ideas related to a more general topic | concept maps |
| arrangement and structure of a presentation | disposition |
| the use and ornamentation of a language | style |
| createive and artful use of language | ornamentation |
| speakers must have a strong mental awareness of the messages they intend to present | memory |
| mode of delivery that allows some preparation but does not require the presenter to script out of memorize the presentation | extemporaneous delivery |
| the verbal and nonvebral techniques used to present th message | delivery |
| one that does not allow for substantial planning and practice before the presentation is given | impromptu presentation |
| teaches audience members how soemthing works or how to perform some task | demonstration presentation |
| try to think of as many topics as you can in a limited time | brainstorming |
| begin with categores that prompt you to think of topics | categorical brainstorming |
| consider features of your life such as experiences, attitudes, values, beliefs, interests, and skills | personal inventory |
| items that you find in the news, on the media, and in the minds of people in your audience | current topics |
| seeks to increase the audiences level of understanding or knowledge about a topic | speech to inform |
| seeks to influence, reinforce, or modify the audience members feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors | speech to persuade |
| presentation that highlights a special even | special occasion speech |
| summary of the speech | thesis statement |
| discovering as much as possible about an audience for the purpose of improving communication with them | audience analysis |
| popular opinions of the time about issues, styles, topics, teends, and social mores, the customary set of understanding of what is true or right | conventional wisdom |
| include gender composition, age, ethnicitiy, economic status, occupation and education | demographics |
| people who are united through "language, historical origins, nation state, or cultural systems" | ethnicity |
| groups that are similar to the large culture but are disinguished by background, beliefes, and behaviors | co-cultures |
| the common concept of reality shared by a particular group of people | worldview |
| watching and listening | observation |
| inquiries about your audiecne directed at and audience member | interviews |
| surveys of audience opinions | questionnaires |
| questions that require more than a yes or no answer | open-ended questions |
| require a yes or no answer | closed-ended questions |
| ask to what extent a respondent agrees or disagrees with a statement | degree questions |
| your own life as a source of information | personal experience |
| data which proof may be based | evidence |
| a librarian specifically trained to help find sources of information | reference librarian |
| database containing information about books, journals, and other resources in the library | electronic catalog |
| sources of information that are publishd at regular intervals | periodicals |
| website on the internet that is specifically designed to help you search for information | search engine |
| complete citations that appear in the references or works cited section of your speech outline | bibliographical reference |
| brief notations of which biblographical reference contains the details you are using in your speech | internal reference |
| tells listeners who the source is, how recent the info is, and the sources qualifications | oral citation |
| information you can use to substantiate your arguments and clarify your positions | supporting material |
| a study in which a limited number of questions are answered by a sample of the population to discover opinions on issues | surveys |
| specific instances used to illustrate your point | examples |
| statements made by an ordinary person that substantiate or support what you say | lay testimony |
| statements made by someone who has special knowledge about an issue or an idea | expert testimony |
| statements made by a public figure who is known to the audience | celebrity testimony |
| numbers such as totals, differences, percentages averages that summarize data or provice scientific evidence of relationhips between two or more things | statistics |
| comparison of things in some respects, especially in position or function that are otherwise dissimilar | analogy |
| determinations of meaning through description , simplificayion, examples, analysis, comparison, explaination or illustration | definitions |
| intentional or unintentional use of information fro one ore more sources without fully divulging how much information is directly quoted | incrmental plagarism |
| a source advocation one position will present an argument from the opposide viewpoint and then go on the refute that argument | two-sided argument |
| you repeat words and phrases and use the same parts of speech for each item | parallel construction |
| states the order of events as they actually occur | time-sequence patterm |
| demonstrartes how items are related in space | spatial relations patterm |
| describes or explains the causes and consequences | cause-effect patterns |
| highly versatile organizatrional patterm, simply divides a topic into inter related parts | topic sequence patterns |
| depicting an issue or situation | problem-solution pattern |
| includes five specific components: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action | monroe's motivated sequence |
| statements or words that bridge previous parts of the presentation to the next part | transition |
| reveal where the speaker is going | signposts |
| informs listeners of your next point or points and are more detailed than transitions | internal previews |
| remind listeners of your last point or points and are more detailed then transitions | internal reviews |
| allows you to indicate which material is more important and which is less important through ndentation and symbols | principle of subordination |
| states that if a point is to be divided, it must have at least two subpoints | principle of division |
| states that main points, sub points and sub-subpoints must use the same grammmatical and syntactical forms | principle of parallelism |
| final outline in complete sentence form | formal sentence outline |
| list of courses consulted and the sourses actually used in the presentation | bibiography |
| brief outline with cue words that you can use during the delivery of your presentation | word outline |
| you make your audience pctive participants in your presentation | audience participation |
| key outline with cue words that you can use during the delivery of your presentation | key word outline |
| the beginning of your presentation | introduction |
| tells the audience how you are going to cover the topic | forecasting |
| warns the audience that you are about to stop | brake light function |
| remind the audience of the thesis of your message | instant replay function |
| state the response you seek from the audience | action ending function |
| one in which a presenter has committed a presentation to memory | memorized mode |
| when a presenter writes out the complete presentastion in advance and then uses that amnuscript to deliver the speech but without memorizing | manuscript mode |
| a brief silence for effect | pause |
| way of delaying with sound | vocalized pause |
| the speed of delivery | rate |
| how long something lasts | duration |
| tempo of the speech | rhythm |
| the reprtition of the intitial sounds of words | alliteration |
| highness or lowness of a speakers voice, its upward and downward inflection the melody produced by the voice | pitch |
| the relative loudness or softness of your voice | volume |
| adjusting your volume appropriately for the subject, the audience, and the situation | projection |
| the pronunciation and articulation of words | enunciation |
| the production of the sounds of the word | pronunciation |
| the physiological process of creating the sounds | articulation |
| mistaking one word for another | malapropisms |
| the smoothness of delivery, the flow od words, and the absence of vocalized pauses | fluency |
| they represent the concrete and objective reality of objects and things as well as abstract ideas | symbolic |
| our language determines to some extent how we think about and view the world | sapir-whorf hypothesis |
| simplification standing for a person or thing | abstraction |
| people who study words and meaning | semanticists |
| the degree to which words become separated from concrete or senes reality | level of abstraction |
| tend to be specific, narrow, particular, and based on what you can sense | concrete words |
| direct, explicit meaning or reference of a word | denotative meaning |
| idea suggested by a word other than its explicit meaning | connatative meaning |
| shows how much one thing is like another | comparison |
| shwos how unlike one thing is from another | contrast |
| uses words to reveal facts | literal language |
| compares one concept to another analogous but different concept | figurative language |
| language that does not leave out groups of people | inclusive language |
| the misjudging of an individual by asusming that he or she has the characteristics of some group-that every single individual is just exactly liek the others | stereotype |
| words that mean more or less the same thing | synonyms |
| words that are opposite in meaning | antonyms |
| origin of a word | etymology |
| kind of overstatement or use of a word or words that axaggerates the actual situation | hyperbole |
| describiging a complex issue as a simple one | oversimplification |
| your point of view or perception | perspective |
| resources other than the speaker that stimulate listeners and help them comprehend and remember the presenters message | sensory aids |
| any observable resoucres used to enhance, explain, aor suppplement the presenters message | visual aids |
| the use of words accompanied by other sensory stimuli | dual coding |
| digital or electronic sensory resources that combine text graphics viideo and sound into one package | media materials |
| relies primarily on words and phrases to show the audience members information | text slide |
| use text and or numbers to efficiently summrize compare annd contrast information | tables |
| used to visually display quantiative or statistical information | charts |
| illustrate differences between categories of infornmation | bar and column charts |
| illustrate trends in quantitative data | line charts |
| used to show percentages of a whole | pie charts |
| diagrams that represent a hierarchial structuce or process | flowcharts |
| scaled representations of an actual object or objects | models |
| one that increases an audiences knowledge about a subject or that helps the audience learn more about an issue or idea | informative presentation |
| generate desire for information | information hunger |
| generalizations to be remembered | main ideas |
| details that support the generalizations | subordinate ideas |
| an overt indication of understanding | behavioral response |
| the ability to percieve and express that which is amusing or comical | humor |
| the ability to perceive and express humorously the relationship or similarity between seeminlt inconrguous or disparate things | wit |
| a psychological or physical reinforcement to increase an audiences response to information given in a presentation | reward |
| revealing the presenter intended meaning of a term especially if the term is technical, scientific, controversial or not commonly used | defining |
| evokes the meaning of a person, a place, an object or an experience by telling about its size weight color texture smell or your feelings about it | describing |
| reveals how something works, why something occurred, or how something should be evaluated | explaining |
| showing the audience an object, a person, or a place, showing the audience how something works, how to do something, or showing the audience why something occurs | demonstrating |
Created by:
nicolekunkle0214
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