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Ch 6 Critical Cognit
ThiNK
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ISSUE | ILL DEFINED COMPLEX OF PROBLEMS ABOUT A CONTROVERSY OR UNCERTAINTY |
| RHETORIC | ART OF PERSUASION TO PROMOTE YOUR POSITION OR WORLDVIEW & WIN. GOOD TO RESEARCH ALL SIDES FIRST. |
| ARGUMENTATION'S PURPOSE | TO FIND THE TRUTH. FIND GOOD REASONS FOR POSITION. |
| ARGUMENT | MADE UP OF 2 OR MORE PROPOSITIONS, conclusion and premises. |
| DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT | PREMISES LEAD TO CONCLUSION |
| INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT | PREMISES SUPPORT CONCLUSION |
| PROPOSITION | EITHER TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENT. |
| CONCLUSION | OF THE ARGUMENT. It's a proposition either supported or denied based on other propositions. CLAIMS or POSITIONS |
| PREMISE | proposition that supports or gives reasons to accept conclusion |
| DESCRIPTIVE PREMISES | BASED ON EMPIRICAL FACTS (scientific or 5 senses evidence). She loves bacon. Norfolk is a city. |
| PRESCRIPTIVE PREMISES | have value statements of what out to be done or not done. "We need diversity in college campuses" Not true/ false |
| ANALOGICAL PREMISE | compare 2 similar events/ things |
| DEFINITIONAL PREMISE | has a DEFINITION OF A KEY TERM (Ex- Affirmative action) |
| . EXPLANATION | A STATEMENT ABOUT WHY OR HOW SOMETHING IS THE CASE. Cat yowled because I stepped on its tail. |
| GOOD PREMISE | based on fact, experience |
| CONDITIONAL STATEMENT | IF, THEN STATEMENT that can be a PREMISE. Not an argument because no conclusion follows. |
| BRACKET PROPOSITIONS | 1st step in breaking down argument |
| IDENTIFY CONCLUSION | 2nd step in breaking down argument. Look for "Therefore", "Thus" |
| IDENTIFY PREMISES | 3RD STEP in breaking down argument. Look for "Because", "Since". |
| DIAGRAM AN ARGUMENT | purpose is to clarify relationship between premise and conclusion, relationship between premises |
| ARGUMENT WITH ONE PREMISE | Draw 2 lines under conclusion, draw 1 line under premise, number and circle each one. Premise leads to conclusion. |
| ARGUMENT WITH INDEPENDENT PREMISES | Number each proposition in order in which is appears in argument. Draw arrow from independent premise to conclusion. |
| ARGUMENT WITH DEPENDENT PREMISES | When 2/ more premises support conclusion only when they're used together, write circled numbers beside each other, 1 arrow leads to conclusion |
| ARGUMENT WITH A SUBCONCLUSION | Premise is a conclusion for final conclusion. Premise leads to subconclusion which leads to conclusion. |
| ARGUMENT WITH UNSTATED CONCLUSIONS | Only premises shown. Readers draw their own conclusions. 2 dependent premises are beside each other and both point to broken circle unstated conclusion |
| How to EVALUATE AN ARGUMENT | Check its clarity, credibility, relevance, completeness, soundness |
| CLARITY | Argument is clear, unambiguous |
| CREDIBILITY | Premises have evidence to support them |
| RELEVANCE | Premises are relevant to support conclusion |
| SOUNDNESS | True premises that support conclusion |
| STEPS TO CONSTRUCT ARGUMENT | State issue, list credible relevant and sound premises, establish a conclusion, organize argument |
| THESIS STATEMENT | Argument's conclusion |
Created by:
ccyndimolina
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