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Heart Fail. Drugs
NUR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heart Failure is: | Inability of ventricles to pump enough blood for body's needs.Weakening of heart muscle due to aging or disease. |
| Diseases assoc. with heart failure: | Mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction, chronic hypertension, coranary artery disease, diabetes mellitus. There is NO CURE! ONLY PREVENTION AND SLOWING OF PROGRESSION. |
| Left sided heart failure: | Blood accumulates in left ventricle. Left ventricle thickens and enlarges: (hypertrophy). Blood backs up in lungs. Cough and shortness of breath result. |
| Right sided heart failure: | Blood backs up in veins. Causes peripherial edema and organ engorgement. Less common that left-sided HF. |
| Preload: | Affects cardiac output. Myocardial fibers stretched prior to contraction. |
| Afterload: | Affects cardiac output. Pressure in aorta that must be overcome before blood is ejected from left ventricle. |
| Drugs for HF: | ONLY TREAT SYMPTOMS...slows heart rate, increases contractility, and reduces heart workload. |
| Caardiac Glycosides: | Evaluate for ventricular dysrhythmias.Assess renal fxn.Monitor for drug interactions.Know restriction on use with antidiarrheals/antacids. |
| Client Teaching: | Monitor levels w/ lab test.Know signs/symptoms of toxicity.Monitor pulse rate.Report weight gain.Eat foods high in potassium. |
| Ace Inhibitors: | Reduce afterload.Drug of choice for HF.Enhance excretion of sodium and water. (Lowers pheripherial resistance and reduces blood volume)Increases cardiac output. |
| Examples of ace inhibitors: END IN "PRIL" | Lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)Captopril (Capoten)Enalapril (Vasotec) |
| Diuretics: | Increase urine flow.Reduce blood volume and cardiac workload.Reduce edema and pulmonary congestion.Prescribed in combination w/ other drugs. |
| Examples of diuretics: | Bumetanide (Bumex) and furosemide (Lasix)-loop diuretics.Chlorothiazide (Diuril) and HCTZ-thiazide diuretics.Spironolactone (Aldactone)-potassium sparing diuretic. |
| Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: | Slow heart rate and reduce BP.Inotropic effect.Reduce workload of heart. |
| Examples of beta-adrenergic blockers: end in "LOL" | Carvedilol (Coreg)Metoprolol extended release (Toprol-XL) |
| Vasodialators: | Minor role in HF treatment.Lower blood pressureRelax blood vessels. |
| Examples of vasodialators: | Hydralazine (Apresoline)Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) |
| Cardiac Glocosides: | Increase force of heartbeat;slow heart rate.Improve cardiac output.Second-line treatmetn for HF. |
| Examples of cardiac glycosides: | Digitoxin (Crystodigin)Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: | Block enzyme phosphodiesterase.Increase calcium for myocardial contraction.Cause positive inotropic response and vasodilation.Increase contractibility and decrease afterload.Short term therapy only! |
| Client goals and expected outcomes: | Decreased symptoms.Improved organ function.Understanding of drug therapy.Reporting drug side effects. |
Created by:
ke123
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