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Final for breaker
radiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of disease | Pathology |
| Any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury | Disease |
| Origintaion and development of disease | Pathogenesis |
| Observable changes | Manifestations |
| A pt's subjective perception of a disease that only the pt can identify (headache, pain, neasuea) | Symptom |
| An objective manifestation that can be identified by a healthcare provider.( fever,swelling) | Sign |
| the cause of study of the cause of a disease | etiology |
| adverse responses that occur from medical treatment (rib fx during cpr) | Iatrogenic |
| From unknown cause | idiopathic |
| The name of the disease that the pt is believed to have | diagnosis |
| prediction of the course and outcome of a disease | Prognosis |
| Atomic number is decreased reduction in compactness of cells | subtractive disease |
| an increase in tissue density, atomic number, increase compactness | additive |
| Study of the incidence, distribution, and control of disease iin a population | Epidemiology |
| number of cases found in a given population | Prevalence |
| the number of new cases found in a given time period | incidence |
| the number of deaths caused by a disease averaged over a population | Mortality rate |
| Incidence ofsickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's nomral daily routine | Morbidity rate |
| Diseases that can be grouped into several large categories | disease classifications |
| present at birth and as a result of genetic or enviromental factors | Congenital |
| disease caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted to a child from ancestors | hereditatry |
| results from the body's reaction to a local injurious agent | inflammatory |
| antibodies that form against and injure the pt | autoantibodies |
| disease associated with antibodies (rheumatoid arthritis) | autoimmune disorder |
| caused by deterioration of the body (osteoporosis) | Degenerative |
| diseases caused by the disturbance of normal physiologic function (diabetes, electrolyte balance) | metabolic |
| resulting from mechanical forces such as twisting, crushing , and ionization | traumatic |
| a disease that results in new abnormal tissue | neoplastic |
| non cancerous localized growth of cells | benign neoplasm |
| cancerous growth that invades surrounding tissues | malignant neoplasm |
| the spread of malignant cancer cells | metastasis |
| the spread of cancerous cells via blood vessels | hematogenous spread |
| the spread of cancerous cells via lymph nodes | lymphatic spread |
| cancer derived from epithelial cells | carcinoma |
| cancer derived from connective tissue | sarcoma |
| cancer derived from blood cells | leukemias |
| canver derived from lymphatic cells | lypmphoma |
| another name for jugular notch | manubrial notch |
| another name for the body of the sternum | gladiolus; corpus |
| what are the true ribs | 1-7 |
| what are the false ribs | 8-12 |
| Why do we do an RAO sternum? with what SID? | So heart can be over the sternum; 40 SID |
| why do we do breathing sternum? | so ribs and lung markings can be blurred |
| When doing SC joints what's the angle of pt? | 15 degrees slight LAO and RAO |
| which lung has 3 lobes? therefore? | right lung, most likely to asperate |
| Chest x-ray is taken with what scale of contras? | long scale of contrast |
| what shot is taken for the apex of lungs? where are the clavicles when viewing this image? | lordotic chest; on; above the apex |
| for fluid levels what view is taken and what side is down? | Lateral decubitus chest, effected side down. |
| Why would we do cxr on insp. and exp? | port line placement and pneumothorax |
| accumulation of air in the pleural space causing collapse of the lung | pneumothorax |
| accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space (pus, blood), may be caused by congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, infection (tb), acities or recent surgery. | pleural effusion |
| the presence of pus in the pleural space. Caused by the spread of pneumonia or contamination by instrumentation | empyema |
| inflammation resulting in accumulation of fluid with certain sections of the lungs | pneumonia |
| infection of the myvobacterium tuberculosis | TB |
| is a viral infection of kids that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling in the trachea | croup |
| inflammation of bronchial linings excessive mucus production, leading to obstruction of airways. associated with asthma, bronchitis, emphysema annd chrionic tb | chronic bronchitis |
| Distention of peripheral air spaes as a result of the loss of elasticity and destruction of aveolar walls. makes it difficult for pt to exhale | emphysema |
| condition in which collapse of a portion of a lung occurs as a result of an obstruction of the bronchus | atelectasis |
| blockage of artery leading to lungs | pulmonary embolism |
| obstruction by a clot, plaque, fat, air, blood | embolism |
| obstruction by a blood clot | thrombosis |
| formation of a clot in a deep bein, usually in the leg but sometimes in the arms or pelvis | Deep vein thrombosis |
| On a well exposed PA erect chest how many ribs shoulod be above the diaphragm | 10 |
| how much do oblique for a sternum obl? | slight, 15 |
| SID sternum obl? | 30 SID |
| For LAO/RPO ribs what side are you looking at? | R side |
| What scale of contrast is needed for rib xray? | short scale |
| dignitition | swallowing |
| what's the valsalva maneuver? | bearing down |
| What does the lig of triese do? | holds small colon in place |
| another name for apendix | verbaform process |
| HOw is sigmoid view perfomed? | PA face down angle 30-40 down face up angle 30-40 up |
| Which obl will demonstrate splenic flexure? | RPO/LAO |
| Why would water soluble contrast be used? | for r/o obstruction or preforation |
| outpouching of the wall of the esophagus, caused by weakness or breakdown of the muscular wall | diverticula |
| breakdown of the lining of the stomach caused by the combined action of infection and excess fluid | ulcers |
| ulcer of the lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum | peptic ulcer |
| telescoping of one segment on another | intussusception |
| twisting of bowel | volvulus |
| out pouching or sac | diverticula |
| a growth on the surface of a mucosal lining | polyps |
| autoimmune inflammatory disease of the intestine | crohns (ulcerative colitis) |
| which kidney is longer and narrower? | left |
| small intestin is how long? | 22ft |
| which ducts opens to duodenum? | common bile and pancreatic |
| how long is rectum | 6 in |
| contraction waves by whivh the digestive tube propels its contents toward the rectum | peristalisis |
| kidneys are part of what system? | excretory system |
| lateral border of kidney is | convex |
| kidneys are level with | T12 and L3 |
| When in RPO what kidney and ureter are you looking at? | Right ureter and Left kidney |
| which kidney is lower? | right |
| outer covering of kidney is called | renal capsule |
| intravenous urogram- bolus injection/infusion injection INTO BLADDER | antegrade filling of contrast |
| Retrograde filling via | catheter into urethra- |
| nephroptosis | kidney not inplace |
| blockage destention of blood vessel | hydronephrosis |
| when will contrast appear in pelvicalyceal syesten after injection IVU? | 2-8 min |
| spleen is part of which systen? | lyphatic |
| what are accessory organs of digestion? | salevary glandss, panreas, gallblader, liver |
| liver divided by what? | falsiform ligament |
| Raccoon sign- black eye appearance due to pooling of blood CSF leaking from ears or nose | Basal skull fracture |
| Fracture of orbital floor from blunt trauma. Modified waters view shows floor in profile. | Blowout fracture |
| A set of fractures including the lateral orbital wall, inferior orbital rim, and the zygomatic arch | Tripod fracture (Malar fracture)- |
| Inflammation of paranasal sinuses, sometimes called rhinosinusitis. | Sinusitis |
| another name for zygoma | maylor |
| On the towns for skull what's the angle and where do you center? | 30 caudal with OML perp with IR and center at midsagital at hearline |
| for the HAAS for skull what's the angle and line u use? where do u center? | 25 degrees cephalic OML perp with IR and exits glabella or hairline |
| for towns for arches whats the angle and what line are you using and where do you center? | 30 caudal center at glabella and OML perpendicular with IR |
| for SMV skull what line is used? | IOML |
| For the Waters skull what line is used and what angle should it make, and what's the exit? | The OML is 37 degrees to the IR MML is perp. to CR exits acanthion |
| For modified waters for skull(kissing waters) whatLine is used and at what degree? were does it exit? | OML is 55 degrees to IR plane CR perp and exits at acanthion |
| For Waters were are the Petrous ridgs? | below maxillary sinus |
| For the modified waters skull where are the petrouse ridges? | in maxillary sinus |
| PA caldwell skull what's the angle and what line is used? CR exits where? | OML perp to IR. CR is 15 degrees caudal . Exits the nasion |
| PA caldwell skull where are the Petrous ridges? | crying caldwell lower orbits |
| For the PA skull where do you exit CR and what line is used | MS plane is perp to IR. OML is Perp to IR exits Nasion |
| were are the Peturs ridgs on PA skull? | they fill the orbits |
| for the Mandible view of RAMI what line is used and were does it exit? | OML is perp to IR CR to the Acanthion |
| Mandible for Body what line is used and were does CR exit? | Acanthaomeatal line near perp with IR exits lips |
| Axiolateral Oblique Mandibal what's the angle and were does it exit? | CR 25 cephalic angle and exits through dependent mandibular symphasis |
| For Mandible towns were do you center and what angle is CR? | Center 3 in above nasion CR is 35 caudal |
| TMJ's axiolateral (shuller) What's the CR angle and where does it pass | CR is 25-30 degrees caudad, passes through the down side of TMJ about 1/2 anterior to EAM |
| Axiolateral Obl. (laws) | from lat turn face 15 degrees toward IR. CR 15 Degrees caudad, Centered through Dependent TMJ |
| cholelythiosis | gall stones |
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