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electrolytes
Comp 19 information sheets for electrolytes - pharm tech
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| body loses salt | through sweat |
| athletes drink sports drinks that contain salt | before, during, and after exercise to minimize things like muscle cramps |
| serious salt imbalances, such as dehydration | can lead to heart and nervous system problems |
| mineral salts | found in the foods we eat and fluids we consume; form electrolytes when they dissolve in the fluids in our body |
| electrolytes | Electrolytes are minerals that are involved in many essential processes in your body |
| sodium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, and potassium | most common electrolytes in our body |
| electrolytes are essential | for many heart, nerve, and muscle functions |
| electrolytes are electrically charged | they conduct electrical impulses which the body needs to make muscle cells contract |
| kidneys | filter electrolytes from the blood and work to keep their levels constant in the blood |
| hormones that help regulate electrolyte balance | ADH (antidiuretic hormone), aldosterone and parathyroid hormone |
| body does a balancing act | to keep water and electrolyte levels just right |
| most common electrolyte imbalances | sodium and potassium |
| hyponatremia | low sodium; most common electrolyte imbalance associated with kidney disease or drinking too much water without consuming enough salt i.e. sweating in hot weather |
| treatment for hyponatremia | sodium and water intravenously |
| hypernatremia | high sodium; caused by excessive fluid loss, diabetes, diarrhea, vomiting or certain meds |
| treatment for hypernatremia | slowly replenishing water loss, usually over 48 hours, through drinking or IV |
| hypokalemia | low potassium; most commonly caused by diuretics or medicines which help rid the body of excess sodium and water |
| treatment for hypokalemia | potassium supplements, foods rich in potassium, or intravenous potassium and water (some patients may be switched to a diuretic that doesn't have potassium loss as a side effect) |
| hyperkalemia | high potassium; more serious than hypokalemia, usually caused by kidney failure or medications that reduce amount of medication excreted by kidneys |
| *high potassium levels | can cause dangerous changes in the heart functions - it can even cause the heart to stop |
| treatment for hyperkalemia | drugs that cause body to eliminate potassium |
Created by:
DbaileyC
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