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Lumbar/Sacrum Unit 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AP Axial Sacrum CR | 2" superior to pubic symphesis, 15 degrees cephalic (20 on females) |
| AP Axial Coccyx CR | 2" superior to pubic symphesis, 10 degrees caudal |
| AP Axial SI Joints | 1.5" superior to pubic symphesis, 30-35 degrees cephalic (35 for females) |
| oblique SI joint CR | 1" medial to raised ASIS, pt oblique 25-30 degrees |
| Lateral sacrum CR | at level of ASIS and 3.5" posterior |
| Lateral coccyx CR | 2" inferior and 3.5" posterior to ASIS |
| Lateral sacrum/coccyx CR | 2" inferior and 3.5" posterior to ASIS |
| Lumbar routine | AP, 2 obliques, Lateral and L5S1 spot |
| AP Lumbar CR | at iliac crest (for lumbosacral) |
| Lumbar oblique CR | 2" medial to raised ASIS and 1.5" above crest, 45 degree oblique |
| Lateral Lumbar CR | at iliac crest (only left laterals) |
| Lat L5S1 Spot CR | 2" posterior to ASIS and 1.5" inferior to iliac crest |
| kyphosis | abnormal forward curve of T spine |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve of the spine |
| spondylolisthesis | one vertebra slips forward on the vertebra below |
| fibrocartilage disks | between 2 bodies of vertebrae |
| spina bifida | arch of the vertebrae fails to meet at the midline |
| slipped disk | herniated nucleus pulposus HNP |
| HNP | pulpy nucleus ruptures impinging on spinal nerve |
| last moveable joint in lower spine | lumbosacral junction (L5S1) |
| pars interarticularis | portion of lamina between 2 articular processes, commonly fx |
| zygapophyseal joint | formed by inferior articular process of one vertebra and superior articular process of one below it, seen on oblique |
| intervertebral foramen | formed by inf vertebral notch of one vertebra and superior vertebral notch of other, seen on lat |
| sacrum | 5 segments, female more acute |
| sacral promontory | anterior border |
| pelvic sacral foramina | 4 pairs |
| sacral hiatus | between cornu |
| sacral cornu | sacral horn |
| medial sacral crest | ridge on posterior surface |
| sacralization | L5 fuses with S1, 4 lumbar |
| lumbarization | S1 and S2 don't fuse, 6 lumbar |
| coccyx | 3-5 (usually 4) coccageal segments, males curve more forward |
| reasons for not collimating too much for AP Lumbar | looking for metastic rib lesions, rib fractures, kidney stones |
| AP Axial L5S1 (special view) | CR 30-35 degrees cephalad, 1.5" above pubic symphesis |
| scoliosis series (basic) | ap and lat erect, cR 1-2" below crest |
| scoliosis series (special) | ap ferguson, ap right and left bending, lat flexion and extension |
| Ferguson | 1st view standing normal, 2nd with one side elevated |
| dog front leg | inf articular process |
| dog ear | sup articular process |
| nose | transverse process |
| eye | pedicle |
| neck | pars interarticularis |
| spondylolysis | breaking down of vertebra |
| lordotic (secondary) curves | cervical and lumbar, convex anteriorly |
| kyphotic (primary) curves | thoracic and pelvic, concave anteriorly |
| lordosis | abnormal increase in anterior convexity of lumbar or cervical curve |
| L4, L5 | level of iliac crest |
| S1, S2 | level of ASIS |
| process extending laterally and posteriorly from the body | pedicles |
| process extending posteriorly from the junction of both laminae | spinous process |
| process extending laterally from the pedicle-laminae junction | transverse process |
| articular processes | zygapophyses |
| solid anterior part of vertebrae | body |
| connects the transverse process with the spinous process | laminae |
Created by:
sandonblaise
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