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stress & coping
terms to do with stress and coping
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stress | people's responses to events that threaten or challenge them |
| stressors | circumstances or events that produce threats to our well-being |
| adapting | often occurs without our awareness, when stress is more severe or longer lasting |
| stressful event | people perceive event as threatening or challenging and must lack resources to deal with it effectively |
| cataclysmic events | strong stressors that occur suddenly, affecting many people at once |
| personal stressors | major life events that have immediate consequences that generally fade with time |
| post-traumatic-stress-disorder | victims of catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel long-lasting effects that may include re experiencing the event in vivid flashbacks or dreams |
| background stressors or "daily hassles" | everyday annoyances that cause minor irritation and may have long term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events |
| uplifts | minor positive events that make us feel good, even if only temporary |
| "emergency reaction" | body prepares to defend itself by activating the sympathetic nervous system, allowing for more effective coping |
| exposure to stress | decline of biological functioning due to release of stress-related hormones which can cause our bodies to deteriorate |
| psychophysical disorders | medical problems influenced by an interaction or psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties |
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | theory by Has Selye that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages |
| alarm and mobilization | occurs when people become aware of a stressor |
| resistance | body prepares to fight a stressor by coping |
| exhaustion | ability to fight stressor declines leading to physical or psychological consequences |
| psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | the study of the relationships among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain |
| 3 main consequences of stress | direct physical effects, harmful behaviors, and indirect health-related behaviors |
| coping | the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress |
| emotion-focused coping | people try to manage their emotions in regards to stress by changing the way they feel about or perceive a problem |
| problem-focused coping | people try to modify the stressful problem or source of stress which leads to changes of behavior or the development of a plan of action to deal with the stress |
| avoidant coping | may use wishful-thinking to reduce stress or use direct escape routes such as drugs or overeating. Usually post-pones dealing with a stressful situation, often making the problem worse |
| learned helplessness | when people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled, causing them to give up on fixing the problem, even though they may have the ability to |
| resilience | the ability to withstand, overcome, and actively thrive after profound aversity |
| post-traumatic growth | positive change that people experience as a result of a traumatic event |
| social support | a mutual network of caring, interest in others, enables us to experience less stress, better cope with stress, and become generally healthier |
| turn a threat into a challenge | when a stressful situation might be controllable, treat the situation as a challenge and focus on ways to control it |
| make a threatening situation less threatening | when a stressful situation seems uncontrollable, change your opinion of the situation and modify your attitude towards it |
| change your goals | when a stressful situation is uncontrollable, adopt new goals that are practical |
| modify your physiological reactions to stress | biofeedback, in which a person learns to control internal physiological process through conscious thought, can alter those physiological reactions to stress |
| changing the situations that are likely to cause stress | anticipate and avoid stress before you encounter it |
Created by:
tiffels
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