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Psychology Chapter 3
Psychology Chapter3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is consciousness? | Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| What are the features of consciousness? | Allows us to assemble information from many sources as we reflect on our past, adapt to the present, and plan for the future § Focuses our attention when we need to learn a complex behavior (i.e. driving a car) |
| What is cognitive neuroscience? | The study of brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
| What do conscious experiences offer us? | advantages when we consider consequences, read others’ intentions, |
| What is selective attention? | Conscious awareness focused on a particular stimulus § Example: Cocktail party effect, your ability to focus on one voice/conversation among a sea of many |
| What is intentional blindness? | Failing to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere |
| What is parallel processing? | Unconscious; processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem at once. It enables our minds to take care of routine business. |
| What is sequential processing? | Conscious; processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; best for solving new problems which require focused attention on one thing at a time |
| What is mindfulness? | our awareness of, and attention to, what is taking place in the present |
| What is Circadian rhythm ? | Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (including things like temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle § Body temperature rises as morning nears, dips in early afternoon (naptime?), and drops again at evening |
| What are sleep stages? | NREM-1 (N1) sleep: Slow breathing and irregular brain waves; NREM-2 (N2): Relaxed more deeply; 20 minutes; sleep spindles that aid memory processing § NREM-3 (N3): Deep sleep; 30 minutes; slow delta waves |
| What affects are sleep patterns? | Genetic influences § Cultural influences |
| Does the brain rest while sleeping? | No. The brain is very active while it rests, doing things like consolidating memories |
| Can lack of sleep hurt you? | Yes. Sleeping just one hour less a night can prevent you from learning or functioning normally |
| Is rest the same as sleep? | Rest is not the same as sleep. Sleep restores the body and brain in ways that rest cannot |
| Do older people need less sleep? | No. Older people may get more interrupted sleep due to such things as pain, but that does not mean that the need is less. |
| Does the body ever adjust to night work? | No. The human body never adjusts to night shift work |
| What are some sleep functions? | Protection: Recuperation, Restoration Feeding creative thinking: Supporting growth |
| What are major sleep disorders? | Insomnia:Narcolepsy: Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness, Sleep apnea: Sleepwalking and sleep talking:,Night terrors: |
| What can you do to get a good night's sleep? | Exercise, avoid caffeine, relax before bedtime, sleep on a regular schedule |
| What is a psychoactive drug? | Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods |
| What is drug tolerance? | The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect |
| What is withdrawal? | The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior |
| What is substance abuse disorder? | A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk |
| What are depressants? | A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk |
| What are stimulants? | Drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and Ecstasy that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| What are hallocinogens? | Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
| What is alcohol abuse disorder? | Marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue problematic use |
| What are barbiturates? | Tranquilizers; depress nervous system activity § Nembutal, Seconal, Amytal (induce sleep or reduce anxiety) § Can be lethal when combined with alcohol |
| What do opiates do? | Tranquilizers; depress nervous system activity § Nembutal, Seconal, Amytal (induce sleep or reduce anxiety) § Can be lethal when combined with alcohol |
| What do stimulants do? | Excite neural activity and speed up body functions; rise in energy and self-confidence |
| What are examples of stimulants? | Cocaine § Methamphetamine § Ecstasy (MMDA) |
Created by:
s42mahoney
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