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Ch 18 notes
ch 18 endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine system | made up of the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete into the bloodstream; the endocrine system works to maintain the body's normal internal balance (homeostasis), help the body deal with stressful situations; regulate growth and development, control reproduction and produce, use, and store energy |
| three glands located in head | pituitary gland, hypothalmus, and pineal gland |
| pituitary gland | control tower of the endocrine system; Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); antidiuretic hormone (ADH); follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); growth hormone (GH); luteinizing hormone (LH), oxytocin; thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone; production of thyroid hormone |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone; secretion of cortisol |
| GH | growth hormone; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone; promotes growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates estrogen secretion |
| LH | luteining hormone stimulates sperm production, stimulates ovulation, stimulates estrogen and progesterone secretion |
| Prolactin | promotes breast development; stimulates milk secretion |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone also known as vasopressin; causes water retention; affects kidneys, cardiovascular system, and CNS |
| oxytocin | causes contractions and ejection of milk in breasts |
| hypothalamus | releases and inhibits hormones; controls release of anterior pituitary hormones |
| pineal gland | releases melatonin to set the body's "time clock"; causes sleep in response to darkness |
| thyroid gland | produces three hormones that affect metabolism - thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin |
| T3 and T4 | regulating the rate of metabolism of proteins, fats (lipids), and sugars (carbohydrates) throughout the body |
| calcitonin | function is to inhibit the removal of calcium from bone |
| iodine | necessary to thyroid gland to synthesize T3 and T4 (each hormone is named to indicate the number of iodine atoms in its structure) |
| parathyroid gland | hormone (PTH); increase calcium and decrease phosphate in bloodstream |
| thymus | production of T lymphocytes |
| pancreas | largest endocrine organ; secretes insulin to promote the use and storage of nutrients, particularly glucose, after eating; glucagon to maintain glucose level in the bloodstream during periods of no food; somastatin inhibits digestion and absorption of nutrients |
| adrenal medulla | epinephrine and norephinephrine; "flight or fight" response |
| adrenal cortex | aldosterone increases sodium retention and potassium secretion; cortisol increases glucose in the bloodstream; androgens for female development and sex drive |
| testes (male) | stimulates production of sperm, development of sex characteristics, and promotes sex drive |
| ovaries (female) | estrogen to stimulates uterine and breast growth and development of sex characteristics and progesterone to prepare for pregnancy |
Created by:
DbaileyC
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