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IntroPsych-Chp5
Sensation & Perception(10th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2009)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensory Receptor Cells | Cells in sense organs that translate messages into neural impulses |
| Stimulus | Any aspect of the outside world that directly influences our behavior or conscious experience |
| Transduction | Translation of energy in the environment into neural impulses |
| Absolute Threshold | Smallest magnitude of stimulus that can be detected 1/2 of the time |
| Difference Threshold | Smallest DIFFERENCE between two stimuli that can be deducted 1/2 of the time |
| Sensory Adaptation | Weakened magnitude of sensation resulting from prolonged presentation of stimulus. (when stimulus is continuously present or related at short intervals, sensation gradually becomes weaker) |
| Psychophysics | Field of psychology; studies sensory limits, adaptations & related topics |
| Weber's Law | The amount of change in a stimulus needed to be dented 1/2 of the time in direct proportion to intensity of original stimulus. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | Form of energy including electricity, radio waves & X-rays which is visible light a part. |
| Wavelength | Frequency of light waves, which determines hue we perceive. |
| Cornea | Protective coating on surface of eye that light passes |
| Iris | Colored part of eye-behind the cornea-regulates amount of light enters eye |
| Pupil | Opening of Iris |
| Lens | Transparent portion of the eye--adjusts to focus light on retina |
| Ciliary Muscle | Muscle in eye that control shape of the lens. |
| Retina | Area at back of eye which images are formed & contains rods & cones |
| Rod | 125 million cells located outside of center of retina. Transduce light waves into neural impulses, coding info about light & dark |
| Cones | 6 million receptor cells, located mostly in the center of retina, transducer light waves into neural impulses, coding info about light dark AND color |
| Fovea | Central spot of retina, contains greatest concentration of cones |
| RODs 4 differences to CONES | 1. Location 2. Hundred times more sensitive to light 3. Produce sensations perceived w/less visual acuity 4. Rods to not detect color |
| Optic Nerve | Carries neural message about vision to brain |
| Blind Spot | Spot where Optic nerve attaches to Retina; it contains NO rods or cones |
| Optic Chiasm | Area in brain where 1/2 of optic nerve fibers from each eye cross to opposite sides of the brain |
| Dark Adaptation | INCREASED sensitivity of eye in semi-darkness following REDUCTION in overall illumination |
| Light Adaptation | REGAINING sensitivity of eye to bright light following INCREASE in overall illumination |
| Audition | Sense of hearing |
| Sound Waves | Cyclical changes in air pressure that constitute stimulus for hearing |
| Frequency of Cycles | Rate of vibration on sound waves; determine pitch |
| Hertz (Hz) | Measurement of frequency of sound waves in cycles per second. (Car rental..haha) |
| Intensity | Density of vibrating air molecules, which determine the loudness of sound |
| Pitch | Experience of sound vibrations sensed as high or low |
| Decibel (db) | Measurement of the intensity of perceived sound |
| Timbre | Characteristic quality of a sound as determined by the complexity of the sound wave |
| What are the parts of the Outer Ear | Pinna- External Auditory Canal- |
| What are the parts of the Middle Ear | Eardrum- Hammer- Anvil- Stirrup- |
| What are the parts of the Inner Ear | Oval Window; Cochlea; Round Window; Basilar membrane; Organ of Cortisones; |
| Pinna | External part of the ear (the part sticking out on the side of your head) |
| External auditory canal | Tube connecting the pinna to the middle ear; part of outer ear |
| Eardrum | thin membrane that sound waves cause to vibrate; structure of middle ear |
| Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup | 3 linked bones of the middle ear. Pass wound waves to the inner ear |
| Oval Window | Membrane of inner ear that vibrates in response to movement of stirrup, creating the flute of cochlea |
| Cochlea | Spiral structure of inner ear that is filled w/fluid & contains restores for hearing |
| Round Window | Membrane that relieves pressure from vibrating waves in Cochlear fluid |
| Basilar membrane | Lower membrane that separate two tubes of Cochlea; Organ of Corti rests |
| Organ of Corti | Sensory receptor in Cochlea that transduce sound waves into coded neural impulses. |
Created by:
edarr
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