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ch 17
therapeutic agents for the nervous system - pharm tech
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous system | consists of the brain, brainstem, and the spinal cord |
| nerves | enable the body to perform involuntary activities, such as regulating heartbeat, digesting a meal, or interpreting visual signals |
| stimuli | changes within or outside our body |
| peripheral nervous system | outside the CNS and includes afferent and efferent branches; carries messages from the body to the CNS for interpretation; divided into autonomic and somatic systems |
| afferent | sensory; transmits impulses from the body's organs and tissues to the CNS which interprets the signals |
| efferent | motor; relays interpreted impulses to appropriate organs to trigger an effect |
| somatic nervous system | relays motor impulses to skeletal muscles; sends and receives impulses to and from the muscles; nerve network that relays messages from outside the body to the CNS and returns messages; includes spinal and cranial nerves; regulate motor nerves that control voluntary skeletal muscle actions and sensory receptor impulses; receptor sites sense stimuli like smell, taste, touch, and hearing |
| autonomic nervous system, ANS | ANS; transmits motor impulses to smooth muscle like the muscle surrounding the blood vessels, cardiac muscle, and glandular tissue; regulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems |
| ANS | has two main branches - sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) |
| brain and spinal cord | relay messages outward to the body where they may trigger an effect |
| polyneuropathy | manifests as distal loss of sensation, burning, or weakness depending on the involved nerves |
| many causes of polyneuropathy | diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, HIV infection, and certain medications' adverse effects |
| diabetic neuropathy | common form of polyneuropathy; nerve damage is believed to be the root cause; blood glucose management is cornerstone of treatment for symptoms; numbness to tingling in feet is common area |
| Sympathetic Nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system; responds to stressful situations; instinctive, or autonomic response |
| main neurotransmitters of SNS | norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| four receptor types that respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine neurotransmitters | alpha-1 receptors, alpha-2 receptors, beta-1 receptors, and beta-2 receptors |
| alpha-1 receptors | peripheral blood vessels, heart, and eyes |
| alpha-2 receptors | found in smooth muscle |
| beta-1 receptors | found in heart muscle |
| beta-2 receptors | found in the respiratory system, blood vessels, and elsewhere in body |
| adrenergics | drugs that mimc natural SNS neurotransmitters; also called sympathomimetics |
| sympatholytics | block drug action; named after the specific receptor they inhibit (i.e. beta blockers) |
| PSNS | parasympathetic nervous system; activates digestive system; works while we rest |
| main neurotransmitter of PSNS | acetylcholine |
| cholinergic agents | activate PSNS; mimic acetylcholine or stop its destruction by acetylcholinerase, an enzyme |
| parasympathomimetics | cholinergic drugs that mimic the PSNS |
| anticholinergics | inhibit cholinergic reactions or block receptors |
| parasympathetic receptors | respond to acetylcholine are located on smooth and cardiac muscle cells |
Created by:
DbaileyC
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