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ABNMPSC UNIT 2 2021
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian Abnormal Psych Unit 2 Test Flashcards 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "psychotherapy" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the use of psychological techniques and the therapist - client relationship to produce emotional, cognitive, and behavior change". |
| what does the term "trephining" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the ancient practice chipping a hole through the skull to allow evil spirits to escape from the mind of someone who was acting "unusually". |
| What are the two (2) "roots" of treating psychological problems? | 1.) Spiritual/ religious; 2.) Naturalistic/ scientific. |
| What are the three (3) steps in the "medical model" of treating psychological problems? | 1.) Diagnosis; 2.) Identifying the Specific Cause; 3.) Experimentation to find a prevention method or cure until an effective one is found. |
| What does the term "symptom alleviation" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "reducing the dysfunctional symptoms of a disorder but not eliminating its root cause". |
| What does the term "electroconculsive therapy" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a treatment for psychological problems in which a seizure is deliberately induced in a patient using the passage of electricity through the brain. |
| What is one (1) side effect of "electroconvulsive therapy"? | One side effect of this is "retrograde amnesia". |
| What does the term "retrograde amnesia" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a loss of memory of past events". |
| What mental illness can be effectively treated using "electroconvulsive therapy"? | Depression can be effectively treated using this. |
| What is "psychopharmacology"? | This is "the use of medications to treat psychological disturbances". |
| What are "psychotropic medications"? | These are "chemical substances that affect psychological states". |
| About how many children take medications for mental health issues today? | About 1 in 20 of this population take medications for this today. |
| What percentage of American men and women take antidepressant medications today? | About 11% of women and 5% of men take this type of psychotropic medication. |
| What is one (1) important thing to remember about the use of "psychotropic medication" where effectiveness of treatment is concerned? | One (1) important point to remember about this treatment is that they do not cure the mental illness that it is prescribed for - it simply relieves most of its symptoms. |
| What is the goal of the "Psychodynamic" treatment of mental illness? | The goal of this treatment is to "gain insight into defenses/ unconscious motivations". |
| What is the goal of the "Biological" treatment of mental illness? | The goal of this treatment is to "alter the patient's biology to relieve the psychological distress" they are experiencing. |
| What is the goal of the "Cognitive - Behavioral" (CBT) treatment of mental illness? | The goal of this treatment is to "teach the patient more adaptive behaviors" and ways of thinking. |
| What is the goal of the "Humanistic" treatment of mental illness? | The goal of this treatment is to "increase emotional awareness" in the patient of their particular mental illness. |
| How do "Psychodynamic" psychoanalysts attempt to treat mental illnesses? | These therapists encourage "free association" in the patient. |
| What does the term "free association" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the therapeutic method in which patients are encouraged to "speak freely about whatever crosses their mind". |
| What is the primary tool used by "psychodynamic" psychoanalysts? | This group's main tool is "interpretation" - suggesting hidden meanings to the patient's accounts of their life. |
| List two (2) reasons why "psychodynamic" psychoanalysis should be considered a process that is appropriate more for people who are seeking self - understanding than a treatment of mental illness. | 1.) It requires a substantial amount of time in order for it to be effective; 2.) Little research has been done on its effectiveness. |
| What is "interpersonal therapy"? | This is "an evidence - based treatment that focuses on changing emotions and styles of interacting in close relationships". |
| What is "cognitive - behavioral therapy"? | This is a method of treating mental illness in which clients learn new ways of thinking, acting, and feeling. |
| Complete the following sentence: "The beginnings of CBT can be traced to ______________________________________." | John B. Watson's Behaviorism. |
| What does the term "behaviorism" mean/ refer to? | This refers to "the view that the appropriate focus of psychological study is observable behavior". |
| What are the three (3) key elements of "systematic desensitization"? | 1.) Using progressive muscle relaxation; 2.) Constructing a hierarchy of fears; 3.) the Learning process - maintaining relaxation while confronting ever-increasing fears. |
| What does the term "flooding" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to an exposure therapy in which the patient confronts their fears at full intensity. |
| What is the goal of "aversion therapy"? | The goal of this is to "create, not eliminate, an unpleasant response" to a fear - inducing stimulus. |
| What does the term "contingency management" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a method of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that "directly changes rewards and punishments for identical behaviors". |
| What does the term "contingency" mean where "Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy" is concerned? | This term refers to "the relationship between a behavior and its consequences". |
| What is one (1) example of "contingency management" in "Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy"? | One (1) example of this is a "token economy". |
| Briefly explain how a "token economy" works. | In this CBT, "desired and undesired behaviors are clearly identified contingencies are defined, behavior is carefully monitored, & reward & punishments are given according to a set of rules". |
| What is the goal of "Social Skills Training"? | In this CBT, clients are taught new ways of behaving that are both desirable and likely to be rewarded in everyday life. |
| List two (2) examples of "Social Skills Training". | 1.) Assertiveness Training; 2.) Social Problem solving. |
| What are the roots of Aversion Therapy, Contingency Management, and Social Skills Training? | The root of these therapies is Operant Conditioning. |
| What does "attribution training" involve? | This CBT involves "changing attributions, often by asking clients to abandon intuitive strategies. Instead, they are instructed in more scientific methods, such as objectively testing hypotheses about themselves & others". |
| Complete the following sentence: "Beck's 'cognitive therapy' was developed specifically as a treatment for ______________________." | Depression. |
| What is the main focus of "rational - emotive therapy (RET)"? | The main focus of this CBT is "to challenge cognitive distortions", or "thinking errors". |
| What is the focus of "Third Wave" CBT? | This is focused on broad, abstract principles such as acceptance, mindfulness, values, & relationships". |
| What do "Humanistic therapists" encourage in their clients? | These therapists "encourage people to recognize and experience their true feelings". |
| How do "Humanistic therapists" approach treating their clients? | These therapists help their clients uncover hidden emotions. |
| What does the term "unconditional positive regard" mean where CBT is concerned? | This term means "valuing clients for who they are and not judging them". |
| What does the term "meta - analysis" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a statistical procedure that allows researchers to combine the results from different studies in a standardized way". |
| How effective is "psychotherapy" where standard deviation is concerned? | This has an average benefit of .85 standard deviation units - in other words, clients are 80% better off than untreated persons. |
| What does the term "spontaneous remission" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "improvement without any treatment at all". |
| What is crucial to the success of "Humanistic therapy"? | The "therapeutic alliance" is crucial to the success of this type of therapy. |
| What does the term "therapeutic alliance" mean/ refer to? | This terms refers to "the bond between a therapist and client". |
| What are "placebos"? | These are "pills that are pharmacologically inert; they have no medicinal value". |
| What is the "placebo effect"? | This is "the powerful healing produced by inert treatments". |
| What is the "most important predictor" of whether or not "psychotherapy" will work? | This "most important predictor" of this is the client's diagnosis. |
| What is the primary mode of treatment in "experiential group therapy"? | Relationships are the mode of treatment in this kind of therapy. |
| What are "self help groups"? | These are therapeutic groups in which people who are facing a common problem and who seek to help themselves and each other by sharing information and experiences are brought together. |
| What is the "community psychology" approach? | In this approach, therapists attempt to improve individual well - being by promoting social change. |
| What is the difference between "primary" and "secondary prevention" where "community psychology" is concerned? | Primary - tries to improve the environment in order to prevent new cases of a mental disorder from developing; Secondary - focuses on early detection of emotional problems to keep disorders from developing. |
| What is the focus of Couples, Family, and Group Therapy? | The focus of these types of therapy is changing relationships. |
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