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Imaging Operations
Structure of Matter
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1913 | Niels Bohr (Bohr atom) miniature solar system |
Nucleus | protons and neutrons most mass weight- 2000 times more mass than an electron |
Atomic mass # | protons + neutrons |
max # of electrons | 2n^2 K-1 L-2 M-3 |
Isotope | different neutrons |
centripetal force | keeping electrons from flying out |
centrifugal force | preventing electrons from getting close to the nucleus |
the close to the nucleus the higher | binding energy which needs more energy to get kicked out |
ionic | electron transfer |
covalent | sharing electrons |
ionization | ionizing radiation hits electron, electron kick out, ion pair remains (+1 atom and -1 free electron) |
Gamma rays (ionizing radiation) | comes from nucleus |
x-rays (ionizing radiation) | outside the nucleus |
difference between x-rays and gamma rays | origin |
alpha particle | helium nucleus contains no electrons |
beta particles | electron emitted from nucleus of radioactive atom atomic mass of zero, can penetrate, negative charge |
radioactive half life | time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to 1/2 its original value |
energies that keep the orbiting electrons in the place around the nucleus | radiant, centripetal, centrifugal, electron binding energies |