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Schizophrenia is described by changes in what?
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What is the psychosis of Schizophrenia?
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Psych Exam 3: Lec 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Schizophrenia is described by changes in what? | The way a person thinks, feels, and relates to others |
| What is the psychosis of Schizophrenia? | Loss of contact with reality; hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder |
| Schizo means "_______", and phrenum means "________". | split; mind |
| With Schizophrenia, mental processes are separated from ___________. | reality |
| Patients with Schizophrenia must have 2 or more of what symptoms during a 1-month period? | Delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior |
| Schizophrenia patients show 2 or more of the listed symptoms and ________ and ____________ dysfunction. | social, occupational |
| How long must the disturbances of Schizophrenia last in order to be diagnosed? | More than 6 months |
| How are the positive symptoms defined? | Excesses/distortions of normal human behavior (hallucinations, delusions), presence of abnormal response/psychotic symptoms that other people don't have |
| What are hallucinations? | Persistent false sensory perceptions perceived as real that are not the transient mistaken perceptions most ppl experience |
| Hallucinations can occur in any of the senses, most often __________. | auditory |
| How are delusions described? | Misrepresentations of reality; idiosyncratic, rigid beliefs |
| What are the 5 types of delusions? | Delusions of grandeur, persecution, of being controlled, of reference |
| What is disorganized thinking and speech defined? | Style of talking that is disorganized and lacks logical patterns |
| _____________ _________ is defined as a display of emotions that are unsuited to the situation. | Inappropriate affect |
| What are the 4 positive symptoms of Schizophrenia? | Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, inappropriate affect |
| How are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia defined? | Absence/reduction in expected behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and drives; loss of or missing normal functions and responses |
| Negative symptoms tend to be more ________, but more _________, than positive symptoms. | subtle, stable |
| What is the negative symptom anhedonia? | Inability to experience pleasure, subjective feeling |
| What is the negative symptom blunted or flat affect? | Don't exhibit emotions; indifferent; expressionless, and outward appearance |
| What are the 3 types of disrupted volition? | Social withdrawal, avolition (indecisiveness, loss of willpower, apathetic), alogia (poverty of speech) |
| What are the two types of negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? | Affective and emotional disturbances, disrupted volition |
| _____________ ____________ are inappropriate or bizarre behavior for the situation. | Psychomotor symptoms |
| What is catatonia? | Immobility and muscular rigidity OR excitement and overactivity |
| What are the 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia? | Catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, undifferentiated, residual |
| What are the 3 symptoms of Catatonic Schizophrenia? | Motor immobility or excessive activity, decreased awareness of environment, echolalia |
| Disorganized Schizophrenia is characterized by disorganized speech/behavior/flat affect, _________ impairment, and disorganized __________ and __________. | social; delusions, hallucinations |
| How is Paranoid Schizophrenia characterized? | Frequent auditory hallucinations, delusions of persecution or grandeur, better cognitive functioning, no disorganized speech/behavior, flat affect, or catatonia |
| ___________ Schizophrenia doesn't fit into any particular category and may meet criteria for multiple types. | Undifferentiated |
| Residual Schizophrenia has no ________ phase, but show some negative symptoms or fewer positive symptoms, and a ____________ period. | active; remission |
| What are the three phases of course? | Prodromal, active, residual |
| The ___________ stage of course involves having symptoms, and DSM-IV criteria are met. | active |
| What defines the prodromal stage of course? | Occurs before active phase, involves deterioration in functioning, strange behavior, social withdrawal, anger outbursts |
| The ____________ stage of course occurs after the active phase, and involves some impairments. | residual |
| In the residual stage of course, improvements are more dramatic in which type of symptoms? | Positive |
| New research on subtypes show there are two types of Schizophrenia. What do they each entail? | Type I: Positive symptoms, neurotransmitter abnormalities; Type II: Negative symptoms, brain structure abnormalities |
| What is the lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia? | 1.3% |
| What is the onset of Schizophrenia? | Adolescence/early adulthood |
| There are no _____ differences in prevalence. | sex |
| _______ play a role in predisposing people for Schizophrenia. | Genes |
| What did the family studies of Schizophrenia show? | Relatives are several times more likely to show symptoms, the more genes you share, the greater the risk |
| What did twin studies and adoption studies show? | One doesn't inherit a type of schizophrenia |
| Neuropathology: What does structural brain imaging show? | Decrease in total brain tissue volume, moderately enlarged lateral ventricles |
| Structural brain imaging showed decreased size of what? | Hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala |
| Functional brain imaging (PET scan) showed decreased what? | Blood flow in frontal lobes |
| The ____________ hypothesis focuses on DA pathways in the limbic system of the brain. | Dopamine |
| ___________ and ________ complications are higher among people with Schizophrenia. | Pregnancy, birth complications |
| What types of problems arise with pregnant people with Schizophrenia? | Decreased oxygen flow to baby, maternal malnutrition, viral infections |
| Schizophrenia patients are more likely to be born in ________. | winter |
| What are two psychological factors of Schizophrenia? | Family interaction (parents less effective in communicating), expressed emotion (relapse higher in high EE homes, more common in Western cultures) |
| What is EE? | Negative or intrusive attitudes toward SZ patients |
| Lower ________ __________ ________ have higher prevalence of Sz. | social economic statuses |
| What does the Social Causation Hypothesis claim? | Factors associated with low SES cause Sz |
| What does the Social Selection Hypothesis claim? | Sz is more likely to become low SES |
| What type of early treatment was given to Sz patients? | Restrain; provide food and shelter |
| Early treatments caused ___________ __________ syndrome. | social breakdown |
| ________ ________ is based on humanistic principles. | Milieu therapy |
| _________ _________ are based on behavioral principles. | Token economies |
| What was one type of early biological medication? | Conventional Antipsychotic medications (neuroleptics) |
| What did the Conventional Antipsychotic medications do? | Reduce/eliminate psychotic symptoms, block D2 receptors in cortical and limbic regions, better for positive symptoms, highly effective |
| What were side effects of conventional antipsychotics? | Extrapyramidal symptoms, Neuroleptive Malignant Syndrome, Tardive Dyskinesia |
| What is Tardive Dyskinesia? | Abnormal, involuntary movements of the mouth, limbs, and trunk |
| What type of current biological treatment and what does it do? | Atypical antipsychotics that block D2 receptors and 5-HT |
| Atypical antipsychotics are are more effective for what type of symptom? | Negative symptoms |
| ___________ _________ improves coping skills of family and decreases in relapse. | Family-Oriented Aftercare |
| What does Social Skills Training entail? | Modeling, role playing, social reinforcement, not clear if there's an effect on relapse rates |
Created by:
iminaconspiracy