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sociology chapter 4
Question | Answer |
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Socialization | The lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture |
Personality | A person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior |
Self | A distinct indentity that sets us apart from others |
Looking-glass self | A concept that emphasizes that self as the product of our social interactions with others |
Symbol | A gesture, object, or word that forms the basis of human communication |
Role taking | The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined view point |
Generalized other | The attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior |
Significant other | An individual who is most important in the development of the self, a parent, friend, or teacher |
Impression management | The altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences |
Dramaturgical approach | A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers |
Face-work | The efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment |
Cognitive theory of development | the theory that children's thought progresses through four stages of development |
Rite of passage | A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another |
Life course approach | A research orientation in which sociologists and other social scientists look closely at the social factors that influence people throughout their lives from birth to death |
Anticipatory socialization | Processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions occupations, and social relationships |
Resocialization | the process of discarding former behavior patterns ad accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life |
Total institution | An institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority, such as a prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a convent |
Degradation ceremony | An aspect of the socialization process within some total institutions in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals |
Midlife Crisis | A stressful period of self-evaluation that begins at about age 40 |
Sandwich generation | The generation of adults who simultaneously try to meet the needs of both their parents and their children |
Gender role | Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males of females |