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Biopsych FInal Exam
FInal Exam Biopsychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These units of heredity maintain their structural identity from one germination to the next. | Genes |
| Mapping out the relationship between two shared bone structures across different species suggests there is this kind of biological explanation, | Evolutionary |
| Because this disability is controlled by a recessive X- Linked Gene, it is more common in males than females | Color Deficiency |
| Understanding how genes, nutrition, and experience work together to produce a tendency toward a particular sexual orientation is an example of this kind of biological explanation of behavior. | Ontogenetic |
| Theses two groups of individuals are particular useful in investigating the heritability of human behavior | Twins and adopted children |
| This is the place in which neurons release their chemicals | Junction between neurons |
| Depolarization is to ____ as hyper polarization is to ________ | Excitation, Inhibition |
| This is the name for gaps in between the myelin sheath that helps speed up the transmission of signals in our nervous system | Nodes of Ranvier |
| A concentration gradient is responsible for moving this ion out of our neurons when cell is at rest | Potassium |
| This type of neuron sends messages equally well in all directions | Local Neurons |
| Better not punch your classmates! This is part of the brain for knowing what behaviors are acceptable in social sittuations | Prefrontal Cortex |
| Term used to describe a cluster of neurons located in the Central Nervous System | Nucleus |
| In neurons, vesicles are tiny packets of the chemicals which are released by the presynaptic neuron | Neurotransmittters |
| Sherrington first postulated the existence of the synapse through this kind of technique | Behavioral Observation |
| Magnetoencephalograph, Electroencephalography, and Function response imaging all produce this kind of measure of the brain> | Functional Response |
| If two voices differ in their frequency/pitch, this means they differ in this physical (non-perceptual) way. | the number of sound waves per second? |
| Every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light. This is always true according to this law. | the law of specific nerve energies |
| This is the visual pathway that is sensitive to the details of a shape | parvocellular pathway |
| The sensory aspect of pain activates the THIS cortex, whereas the emotional aspect of pain activates the THIS cortex | somatosensory and cingulate |
| Cutting this structure would result in a loss of motor control and sensation in the dermatome to which it connected. | Spinal Nerve |
| This term is defined as the sex one identifies with and calls oneself | Gender Identity |
| This condition occurs when a developing fetus’s adrenal glands release too little cortisol. | CAH Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
| Genetics, prenatal stress, and the mother’s immune system have all been linked to this characteristic. | Sexual Orientation |
| Testicular feminization is caused by this structural abnormality | Lack of androgen receptors |
| The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in this brain region. | Anterior hypothalamus |
| This part of the body begins developing about two weeks after conception and continues to change for the entire life of a human | Central Nervous System (CNS) |
| Understanding how genes, nutrition, and expirence work together to produce a tendency toward a particular sexual orientation is an example of an _____ | Ontogenetic explanation |
| What does Functional behavior describe? | Functional Behavior describes why a structure of behavior evolved the way it did |
| Estimate of the degree to which variation in a characteristic depends on genetic variations in a given population refers to | Heritability |
| Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are | Genes |
| Sex linked genes: | genes on the chromosomes (X and Y) |
| Autosomal Genes | All genes located on every other chromosomes |
| If one parent has the gene combination Aa and the other has a gene combination aa, than the child has : | A 50% chance of having the gene combination Aa A 50% chance of having the gene combination aa |
| Which go the following is true of local neurons? A) They exchange information with distant neurons B) They abide by the all or none principle C) The change in membrane potential increases as it travels D) They have short dendrites and axons | D) They have short dendrites and axons |
| Compared to ionotrophic effects, metabotropic effects are | slower and longer- lasting |
| Depolarization | A reduction of polarizationTOWARD 0mV and above across a neurons membrane. If strong enough results in an action potential |
| Hyper-polarization | An increase of polarization AWAY from 0mV and below across a neuron's membrane resulting in Inhibition |
| A drug that produces excitement, alertness, elevated mood, and decreased fatigue is referred to as a | Stimulant |
| What is the intensity of a sound wave called? | amplitude |
| Humans localize how frequencies by____ differences and high frequency by _____ differences | Phase, Loudness |
| Various types of _____ cells refine the input of ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movements, or other visual features. | amacrine cells |
| What receptors are responsible for the perception of color? | Cones |
| rods are to ___ as cones are to ________. | periphery, fovea |
| Prosopagnosia refers to the _________ | The inability to recognize faces, caused by damage to the fusiform gyrus |
| Horizontal Cells receive their input from______and they send out put to ______? | Rods and Cones, Bipolar Cells |
| Magnocellular Cells | Large cell bodies, evenly distributed throughout the retina, important for perception of motion |
| The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to > | Magnocellular neurons in our Periphery |
| Bipolar Cells | Cells that first receive messages from the visual receptors |
| Pain, warmth, and cold are all detected by these kinds of receptors. | Somatosensory |
| Opiates produce an effect similar to these naturally occurring neurotransmitters. | endorphins |
| What is place theory ? | Think Place = Pitch, States that the pitch perception depends on which part of the inner ear has cells with the greater activity levels |
| Apex of the Cochlea | Hears the lowest pitch sounds |
| Base of the Cochlea | Hears the higher pitched sounds |
| What is auditory imagery often referred to as? | A "map of sounds in the auditory cortex |
| How is sound reflected into the auditory canal? By what structure? | By the Pinna |
| What is human perception of frequency known as> | pitch |
| What does the frequency theory best explain in humans? | Best explains a humans perception of low frequency tones |
| What two structures are involved in providing vestibular information to the brain? | Semicircular Canals and Otolith Organs |
| Pain Receptors contain what kind of nerve endings> | simple, bare neuron endings |
| What are the two distinct aspects of pain? | Sensory and Emotional |
| What structure contains the post central gyrus (primary Somatosensory cortex)? | Pariatal lobe |
| What structure relieves touch sensation from sense receptors. as well as musclewoman;e- stretch and joint receptors | parietal lobes |
| What is the primary comical target for auditory information | Temporal lobe |
| Tumors here can cause auditory hallucinations | temporal lobe |
| contributes to the reception of movement and facial recgonition | temporal lobe |
| main area in the brain for visual information | occipital lobe |
| Contains the primary visual cortex | occipital lobe |
| Contains the precentral cortex (motor cortex) | Frontal lobe |
| specialized control of fine movement | frontal lobe |
| Receives input from all the senses and contains the prefrontal cortex | frontal lobe |
| All imaging techniques provide Functional Response Imaging expect for | MRI |
| FMRI | Measures oxygen consumption |
| MEG | Measures Magnetic activity of. the cells |
| EEG | Measures electrical activity |
| What are the five stages of Neural Development | 1) Proliferation 2)Migration 3)Differentiation 4)Myelination 5)Synaptogenesis |
| Proliferation think prolife | Creation of new nerve and glial cells |
| Migration involves | movement of new cells throughout the brain and body |
| Differentiation | Neurons take a certain shape to performa a certain function |
| Myelination | The formation of the myelin sheath around a neurons axon |
| synaptogenesis | the formation of synapses between neurons |
Created by:
jsloan01
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