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Neuroscience Final
Neuroscience- Bohnenkamp. Dec 2019
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens before the axon hillock/before the neurotransmitter synapse? | The sodium goes through two different ion channels to determine if it will be inhibitory or excitatory based on which one is more present Neurotransmitter is released and binds to let sodium trickle in. If it has enough charge it will fire. |
| What are two specific types of Aphasia? | Broca's and Wernicke's |
| Broca's communication | nonfluent |
| Wernicke's communication | fluent |
| Global aphasia | damage to the two locations, both B & W |
| Conduction aphasia | damage to the connection |
| Tensor Theory | cerebellum plays an active role, not just relay for sensory information |
| What does the frontal lobe do? | Personality, motor activity, judgement |
| What does the temporal lobe do? | Hearing, language, comprehension |
| What does the parietal lobe do? | Memory, sensation |
| What does the occipital lobe do? | vision |
| What is the function of the limbic system? | Instinct, emotion |
| What is the function of the insular lobe? | Automatic functions |
| Basal ganglia | checks activity/filter movements, background info |
| Cerebellum | provide on-going modifications; contributes to motor planning, controls the rate of movement, and predicts movement |
| White matter | axons |
| Grey mattere | cell bodies |
| Purpose of muscle spindles | sense stretch |
| Purpose of GTOs | Degree of muscle contraction |
| Lower Motor neuron | Final common pathway. Impulse carried from the spinal cord to muscles by LMN. |
| LMN effect | flacidity |
| UMN effect | spasticity |
| Cranial Nerve neumonic | On Old Olympus's Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops |
| Cranial s/m/b neumonic | Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More |
| Trigeminal (5) | sensation of face |
| Facial (7) | movement of face |
| Oculomotor (3) | move eyes inward (damage = eye is out) |
| Abducens (6) | move eyes laterally (damage = eye is in) |
| Glossopharyngeal (9) | sensory & taste in poster ⅓ |
| Hypoglossal (12) | tongue protrusion |
| Vagus | Sensation & movement to larynx & pharynx, Paralysis of velum, Velum deviation, Hoarse voice |
| 9, 10, 11 cranial nerves | nucleus ambiguus |
| Which order decussates | 2nd order |
| 1, 2, 3 order pathway location | First brainstem than thalamus |
| Cerebellar Disorders | inability to receive feedback |
| Substantia Nigra neurotransmitter and disease | Dopamine, Parkinson's |
| What inhibits stretch reflex? | Corticobulbar and corticospinal |
| Aneurysm | ballooning of arterial wall due to weakening artery |
| Does an aneurysm cause death? | No, a ruptured aneurysm can though |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid purpose | Nourishes and washes the brain, cushion/protect |
| Importance of lateral ventricles? | create cerebrospinal fluid and House ependymal cells |
| Thrombus | buildup, blockage → result in thrombosis |
| Embolus- | a piece of a buildup that breaks off and travels and gets lodged elsewhere → results in embolism |
| Parkinson’s characteristics | Lack of dopamine, Over filtering, Slow shuffle, no arm swing, swallowing is difficult, fast speech |
| Huntington’s characteristics | All behavior inhibited, jerky movements, rhythmic, involuntary movements, Under filter |
| Circle of Willis. What arteries supply/bring blood? | Basilar and Carotid arteries |
| Anterior Cerebral artery | Judgement, behavior, motor planning, memory. Cingulate gyrus → reduction of emotions |
| Posterior Cerebral Artery | Hearing, vision, short term memory |
| Middle cerebral Artery | Most problematic if hit by blockage . Broca’s, Wernicke’s, apraxia, vocing, facial |
| What neurotransmitter does substantia nigra release? | Dopamine |
| Discoordinated speech and movement | Ataxia |
| CVA is what? | Interruption of vertebrobasilar artery system |
| Which has thicker walls and higher pressure? | arteries |
| What are the 3 types of CVA’s | Occlusive vascular pathologies (blockage). Hemorrhagic (bleeding). Arteriovenous malformations (artery/vein come together) |
| Temporary interference to blood supply to brain? | Transient ischemic attacks (mini strokes) |
| Where is csf located? | Ventricles |
| Proprioception and Kinesthesis | knowing where something is at and how its moving |
Created by:
baileyullrich
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