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Psychology I Unit 1
Unit 1: Approaches to Psychology ch. 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | The study of the human mind and human behavior; the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research. |
| Physiological | Having to do with an organism's physical processes. |
| Cognitive | Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding. |
| The Goals of Psychology | Description, Explanation, Prediction, & Influence. |
| Scientific Method | A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are eliminated. |
| Example of the Scientific Method | Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, results, conclusions, and theory. |
| Psychiatry | A branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders. |
| Humanist | A psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth. |
| Psychoanalyst | A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior. |
| Behaviorist | A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment. |
| Psychobiologist | A psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior. |
| Sociocultural Psychology | Ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence our behavior. |
| Clinical Psychologist | A psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances. |
| Developmental Psychologist | A psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures. |
| Educational Psychologist | A psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn. |
| Community Psychologist | A psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency. |
| Industrial/organizational | A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers. |
| Sample | The small group of participants, out of the total number available, that a researcher studies. |
| Naturalistic Observation | Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering. |
| Case study | Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants. |
| Longitudinal Study | Research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development. |
| Cross-Sectional Study | Research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. |
| Correlation | The measure of relationship between two variables or sets of data. |
| Representative Sample | For example, if you wanted to know how tall American men were, you would want to make they weren't all professional basketball players. |
| Independent Variable | Is the one experimenters change or alter so they can observe its effects. |
| Variable | Any factor that is capable of change. |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess about the relationship between two variables. |
| Experimental group | The group to which an independent variable is applied. |
| Control Group | The group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied. |
| Dependent Variable | Is the one that changes in relation to the independent variable. |
| Experiments | A test, trial, or tentative procedure; an act or operation for the purpose of discovering something unknown or of testing a principle, supposition, etc.: a chemical experiment; a teaching experiment; an experiment in living. |
| Ethical Guidelines | Psychologists are responsible for the dignity and the welfare of the participants. When consent is required,psychologist obtain a signed, informed consent before starting any research with a participant. |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | A situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior. |
| Single-blind experiment | An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment. |
| Double-blind experiment | An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment. |
| Placebo Effect | A change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment. |
| Measures of central tendency | The mode is the most frequent score. The mean is what most people think of as an average and is the most commonly used measure of central tendency. The median is the middle score. Distributions with two modes are called bimodal. |
Created by:
Hayley01
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