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Engineering Material

Test 1 Definitions

TermDefinition
Diffusion Material transport by atomic motion.
Atomic Packing Factor The sum of the sphere volumes of all atoms within a unit cell divided by the unit cell volume; a measure of efficiency.
Vacancy Diffusion The interchange of an atom from a lattice position to an adjacent vacant lattice site.
Amorphous Lacking a systematic and regular arrangement of atoms over a relatively large atomic distance; without form
Carburizing Process where the surface of steel is hardened by increasing the surface concentration of carbon.
Metallic Bonding Type of bonding where valence electrons are not bound to any particular atoms in the solid and are more or less free to drift throughout the entire solid.
Coordination Number Number of nearest-neighbor or touching atoms.
Interstitial Diffusion Diffusion type where small atoms migrate through the small spaces between larger atoms.
Vacancy Imperfection where a normally occupied lattice site is unoccupied.
Covalent Bond Type of bonding where atoms share electrons between adjacent atoms.
Edge Dislocation Imperfection where an extra half-plane of atoms exist where the edge terminates within the crystal.
Grain Another name for a single crystal; region where crystal planes and directions are continuous.
Polymorphism When an element of combination of elements has more than one crystal structure under different conditions.
Crystalline Material in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic distances; long range order.
Bonding Energy Represents the energy required to separate two atoms to an infinite separation.
Unit Cell Small, repeating entities within a crystal structure.
Valence Electron Electrons that occupy the outermost shell.
Lattice Three-dimensional array of points coinciding with atom positions (or sphere centers)
Anisotropy Directionality of material properties associated with variance of atomic or ionic spacing with crystallographic direction
Point Defect Imperfections associated with one or two atomic positions.
Created by: jjardor
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