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MP Unit 1 - Academic
My Perspectives Gr9 Unit 1 Academic Vocabulary and Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| conflict | a struggle, problem, or fight [Ex: a hero vs. a villain] |
| dialogue | a conversation between two or more people/characters |
| exposition | writing that explains or shows; the beginning of a story in which the reader learns the characters, setting, and basic situation |
| sequence | order of events or steps |
| rhetoric | language device used for impact, persuasion, etc. [Ex: repetition, analogy, etc.] |
| author purpose | the writer's reason for writing [Ex: to inform, to persuade, to entertain, and to reflect] |
| analogy | a comparison between two unlike things that works to clarify an idea [Ex: The brain works similarly to a computer; short term memory is like RAM.] |
| vivid language | strong, precise words, to bring ideas to life and to communicate them forcefully [Ex: fell vs. tumbled; rough vs. churning] |
| conventions | in language, commonly accepted rules for writing and speaking |
| persuasive appeal | method or strategy of informing and convincing readers |
| appeal to authority (ethos) | presenting an argument using someone's expertise or reputation to strengthen supporting statements ["Trust me; I'm a professional"] |
| appeal to reason (logos) | presenting an argument using logical reasoning along with facts, data, and other verifiable evidence |
| appeal to emotion (pathos) | presenting an argument using statements or images meant to trigger an emotional response ["Don't you feel sad/mad? Agree and feel better."] |
| charged language | words with strong positive or negative associations; words with strong 'connotations' (see connotation) |
| clause | a group of words containing its own subject and verb [Ex: "Jake learned Spanish."] |
| independent clause | a subject and its verb forming a complete thought that can stand on its own [Ex: "Jake learned Spanish."] |
| dependent (subordinate) clause | a subject and its verb introduced by a 'subordinating' conjunction like 'after', 'although', 'when', etc. forming a thought that CANNOT stand on its own [Ex: "When Jake learned Spanish,"] |
| simple sentence | a sentence made up of a single independent clause [Ex: "Jake learned Spanish."] |
| compound sentence | a sentence made up of two or more independent clauses joined together by a 'coordinating' conjunction like 'and' or 'but' or joined together by a semicolon [Ex: "Jake learned Spanish," and Sofia learned English."] |
| complex sentence | a sentence made up of on independent clause and one or more dependent clauses [Ex: "While Jake learned Spanish, Sofia learned English."] |
| compound-complex sentence | a sentence made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses [Ex: "While Jake learned Spanish," Sofia learned English, but neither of them tried learning French."] |
| tone | a writer's attitude toward the subject matter, usually revealed by his or her choice of wording or diction |
| diction | a writer's choice of words and their arrangement [Ex: informal, formal, poetic, ordinary, sophisticated, slangy, technical, etc.] |
| internal conflict | a struggle in which a character wrestles with his or her own beliefs, values, needs, or desires [Ex: A reluctant hero struggles to face and overcome his fear.] |
| external conflict | a struggle in which a character works against an outside force: another character, nature, society, etc. [Ex: A reluctant hero sails through a violent storm and survives the attack of angry natives.] |
| cognates | words from different languages that share a common origin [Ex: 'Escuela' & 'School' both come from 'schola'.] |
| preposition | a word like 'in', 'on', 'of', 'with', etc. that describes the relationship between to nouns or pronouns |
| prepositional phrase | a group of words that begins with a preposition and includes its noun (or pronoun) and all its complements [Ex: in a dark and scary cavern] |
| object of the preposition | the noun or pronoun that a prepositon explicitly relates; "the noun that goes with the preposition" |
| adjective phrase | a group of words (like a prepositional phrase) that modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun |
| adverb phrase | a group of words (like a prepositional phrase) that modifies (describes) a verb, adjective, or adverb by saying where, why, when, in what way, or to what extent |
| monologue | an uninterrupted speech delivered by one character |
| sensory language | (see imagery) descriptive language that triggers any of the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste |
| rising action | the section of basic story plot in which the central conflict becomes more complicated and tensions increased |
| climax | the moment in a story plot that represents the final turning point for the central conflict |
| resolution | the moment of release at the end of the story, in which the reader learns "how everything turned out" |
| idiom | an expression peculiar to a particular group that cannot be understood literally yet carries meaning [Ex: play things by ear; raining cats and dogs] |
| first person point of view | refers to when the narrator of the story is also its primary character--and therefore uses the pronouns "I/me," "we/us" to tell the story. |
| hyperbole | an extreme exaggeration to emphasize some trait--but an expression that should not be taken literally [Ex: This backpack weighs a ton!] |
| denotation | the literal definition of a word |
| connotation | a positive or negative feeling that accompanies a word in addition to its meaning [Ex: (+) stroll---(neut.) walk---(-) trudge] |
| complex characters | characters that are well-rounded, showing multiple traits and conflicting motivations, and often changing over the course of a story |
| traits | qualities of someone or something |
| motivations | reasons for acting a certain way |
| theme | the message about life; some universal lesson or central insight a work conveys |
| plot | the structure and sequence of events that serves to develop a story's conflict |
| participle | an adjective that comes from a verb [Ex: burning/burnt; frightening/frightened] |
| present participle | an adjective that comes from the "-ing" form of a verb and shows what something was doing at the time |
| past participle | an adjective that usually comes from an "-ed," "-en," or "-t" form of a verb and shows what has already happened to something |
| participial phrase | a group of words consisting of a participle and all its objects or complements |
| imagery | (see sensory language) descriptive language that triggers any of the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste |
| refine | to make something purer, more accurate, or more precise |
| central idea | the main, controlling idea that a writer wants the reader to understand |
| informative text | writing that primarily explains or describes concrete and abstract concepts to the reader |
| supporting details | pieces of information that illustrate, expand on, or prove an author's ideas |
| facts | information that can be proven true |
| statistics | numbers used to compare groups of people or things |
| examples | specific instances or cases of some general concept |
| descriptions | details that tell what something looks like, feels like, and so on |
| reasons | logical claims that justify and support a belief or conclusion |
| expert opinions | comments of people with special knowledge of a topic |
| alliteration | the repetition of the beginning sounds of words near to one another [Ex: slimy, slithering, snake] |
| assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds in a group of words [Ex: the "E" sound in "a shreek of real fear"] |
| consonance | the repetition of consonant sounds in a group of [Ex: the "T" sound in "a little pat of butter"] |
| mood | an emotion the author intends to arise in the reader through the use of word choice, sounds, and images |
| literary nonfiction | writing that uses elements of storytelling to portray true events |
| autobiographical writing | writing in which an author tells his or her own life story |
| memoir | autobiographical writing in which the author tells of a specific period or aspect of his or her life |
| social and historical context | circumstances of the time and place in which a story occurs: politics, language, values, beliefs, customs, or traditions, all of which influence how a story is ultimately interpreted |
| metaphor | an imaginative comparison of two unlike things by describing one thing as if it were another in order to highlight some trait or quality |
| simile | a comparison between two unlike things, often using the word 'like' or 'as', to highlight some trait or quality |
| poetic structures | how words and lines in a poem are arranged |
| line | in text (esp. poetry), a group of words arranged in a single row |
| stanza | in poetry, a group of lines, usually spaced separately from other groups of lines |
| end-stopped line | a line in which both the grammatical structure and sense are complete by the end of that line |
| enjambed line (run-on line) | a line in which both the grammatical structure and sense continue past the end of that line |
| multiple meaning words | words that have more than one (and often very different) meanings depending on their use |
| narrative | relating to storytelling |
| nonfiction | collectively, describing works that relate true information, events, or experiences |
Created by:
edyeomans
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