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Properties of Matter
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Solid | has a definite shape and a definite volume. Its particles are tightly packed together and fixed in one position. The particles vibrate or move back and forth in place given the object its shape. |
| Physical Property | characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance(can describe using senses) |
| Chemical Property | is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. (Rust) |
| Mass | the measurement of the amount of matter in an object |
| Density | the mass of a material in a given volume |
| Weight | is a measure of the force of gravity on you |
| Volume | the amount of space that matter occupies |
| Physical Change | any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not make any substance of the matter into a different substance: adding food coloring to water/crushing a can |
| Chemical Change | a change in matter that produces one or more new substances, it undergoes a chemical reaction, the new substance has properties completely different from the original substances: when hydrogen peroxide is poured on a cut it breaks down into water & oxygen |
| Law of Conservation of Mass/matter | matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change, the amount of mass is the same before and after a change |
| Liquid | has a definite volume but no definite shape of its own. Liquids take the shape of its container. The particles move more freely. |
| Gas | has no definite shape and no definite volume. The particles of a gas spread far apart to fill all the space of the container that it is in. |
| Thermal energy | the total energy of all the particles in an object |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change, every chemical or physical change in matter includes a change in energy |
| Temperature | the measure of the average energy in motion of particles that make up matter |
| Endothermic | a change in a substance when energy is taken in: icebergs melting into the ocean |
| Exothermic | an change in a substance when energy is released: combustion, of warming your hands near a wood fire |
| Kinetic Energy | is energy of matter in motion, the kinetic energy of particles contributes to the thermal energy of a substance |
| Potential Energy | is energy an object has due to its position, it is increased with height and weight |
| Vaporization | takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to change into or form a gas |
| Evaporation | this process takes place only on the surface of a liquid. The liquid takes in/gains heat and turns into a gas |
| Condensation | is the opposite of vaporization. It occurs when particles in a gas lose enough energy to form a liquid. |
| Sublimation | this occurs when the surface particles in a solid gain enough energy to form a gas. The particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state of matter before they become a gas. |
| Surface tension | this is a property of a liquid It is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the top closer together. |
| Viscosity | is another property of a liquid. This is when a liquid is resistant to flow. This depends of the size and shape of the particles and their attraction. |
Created by:
parhamscience
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