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abnormal psychology

test #2

TermDefinition
are men or women more likely to commit suicide? men are more likely to commit, women more likely to report suicidal ideation.
compulsion repetitive behaviors.
agoraphobia intense fear/anxiety that occurs upon exposure to or anticipation of a range of situations where you can't escape.
treatment for somatic disorders CBT
what is apart of the central nervous system? brain and spinal cord.
depersonalization/ derealization disorder feelings of being detached from one's body, behavior, or mind with respect to one's surroundings.
which is an impulse control disorder? kleptomania
OCD chronic, severe, rarely remits without treatment.
obsessions recurrent, intrusive thoughts.
compulsions repetitive behaviors or mental acts- very consuming. Can be observable behaviors or unobservable mental activities.
family accommodation OCD loved one's perform rituals for a person with OCD that provides temporary relief = enabling.
trichotillomania hair-pulling disorder.
negative reinforcement OCD OCD rituals provide temporary relief.
cognitive theories for OCD the person's reaction to his or her own intrusive thoughts are important.
obsessive compulsive cognitions working group key belief domains overestimation of threat, intolerance for uncertainty, perfectionism.
tx of obsessive-compulsive and impulse control disorders biological and medication, CBT, exposure and responsive prevention (EBT).
OCD psychological treatments mindfulness, acceptance, and commitment therapy (ACT).
somatic symptom and related disorders experience real physical symptoms, their pain cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Express thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are out of proportion to the symptoms.
conversion disorder symptoms of altered motor or sensory dysfunctional, can be dramatic such as paralysis or blindness. Ex: glove anesthesia- loss of sensitivity in the hand or wrist.
illness anxiety disorder fears or concerns about having an illness persist despite medical reassurance, previously known as hypochondriasis. High comorbidity with anxiety/depressive disorders (panic d/o).
factitious disorder originally known as Munchausen Syndrome, may be imposed on another (considered child abuse).
functional impairment people with factitious disorder develop medical conditions as a result of their self-administered injuries.
ethics with Somatic Disorders psychologists have responsibility to act in cases of factitious disorder imposed on another.
inaccurate beliefs about somatic disorders prevalence and contagiousness of illnesses, meaning of bodily symptoms, course and tx of illnesses.
symptom-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) teaching strategies to reduce stress, relaxation training, diverting attention away from physical symptoms, correcting automatic thoughts.
dissociative disorders depersonalization, derealization, amnesia, identity confusion, identity alteration.
depersonalization feeling detached from one's body.
derealization feeling of unfamiliarity of reality about one's environment.
amnesia inability to remember.
identity confusion unclear or conflicted about one's environment.
identity alteration assuming alternate identity.
dissociative amnesia inability to recall important info, usually personal in nature.
incidents after traumatic or stressful events are considered _____ rather than ____. psychological, biological.
dissociative fugue includes travel or bewildered wandering associated with amnesia.
dissociative disorders brain anatomy differences similar to PTSD, incidents of physical and sexual abuse as children, many believe DID are patients are blocking traumatic experiences.
The International Classification of Diseased (ICD) does not have a category called DID.
what percentage of DID have no knowledge of alters before they begin therapy? 80%-100%. As therapy continues, the number of alters increase.
treatment for DID antidepressants, CBT, exposure therapy.
bipolar disorder mania is excessive and often accompanied by inappropriate and potentially dangerous behavior, impulsivity, irritability, pressured or rapid speech, false sense of well-being. Formally known as manic-depressive disorder.
bipolar l involved full-blown mania with episodes of major depression.
bipolar ll hypomania or "wild mania," with episodes of major depression. At least . one episode of major depression and one hypomanic event.
hypomania overly talkative, excitable or irritable, with no impulsive acts or gross lapses of judgement, lasts at least 4 days.
mixed state simultaneous mania and depression.
rapid cycling bipolar disorder 4 or more severe mood disturbances within 1 year.
cyclothymic disorder fluctuations that alternate between hypomanic and depressive symptoms, persists at least 2 years.
developmental factors- bipolar difficult to distinguish symptoms from conditions such as ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and schizophrenia.
bipolar comorbidity includes anxiety d/o, behavioral d/o, substance abuse d/o.
major depressive disorder persistent sad or low mood, considered an episodic illness, single episode lasts at least 2 weeks. Symptoms must affect the person's ability to function in social and work settings.
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) chronic state of depression, milder symptoms of major depressive disorder. Symptoms lasts 2 or more years, never without symptoms for more than 2 months.
epidemiology of major depressive disorder most common disorder in the US. Depression rates almost twice as high for women with differences between men and women diverging more through midlife ages.
ethnic and cultural differences- major depressive disorder non-hispanic white have higher rates of MDD than non-hispanic black and hispanic populations.
two cultural factors for MDD that are important protective factors ethnic identity & religious participation.
MDD developmental factors young people may lack the vocabulary to describe mood.
MDD explanations for sex differences hormones, bodily changes during puberty, socioeconomic disadvantages, victimization or chronic life stressors, self-esteem, higher reactivity to stress, neuroticism.
depressive disorder comorbidity co-occurs with several medical conditions including anxiety d/o, substance abuse d/o, impulse control d/o.
what is the most common comorbid disorder in eating disorders? depression.
parasuicides acts such as superficial cutting (self-harm) or overdoses of nonlethal amounts of medication. Not likely to result in death.
risk factors for suicide family history, psychiatric illness, biological factors.
treatment after suicide attempts prolonged psychological care beyond the effects of the attempt are often necessary. Various interventions reduce self-harm behavior and improve mood, but impact on reducing subsequent suicide is unclear.
amygdala memory and emotions.
etiology of bipolar and depressive disorders:biological perspective environmental factors & life events, MDD associated with stress, loss, grief, occupational problems, health challenges, genetical control of sensitivity to the environment- two ppl can encounter the same stressful life event but experience it differently
MDD behavioral theories withdrawal of reinforcement for health behavior, learning & modeling, learned helplessness, external uncontrollable environments & internal uncontrollable environments are inescapable.
negative cognitive triad negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future.
treatment of bipolar disorder medications such as lithium or anticonvulsants is most common.
treatment of depressive disorders CBT, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), behavioral activation- increase access to reinforcing events, SSRIs, light therapy.
Created by: meglad93
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