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PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM
MIDTERM UNIT 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain what an antagonist is. | A DRUG THAT INHIBITS ANOTHER MED |
| Identify what drug receptors include. | PROTIEN MOLECULES ON THE SURFACE OF A TARGET CELL THAT BINDS LIGANDS |
| With respect to the administration of a medication, evaluate when the serum level of the drug's concentration should be checked. | WHEN THE CLINICIAN SUSPECTS THE MED IS ACCUMILATING IN THE BLOOD STREAM |
| When dosing intravenously, determine which medication requires a peak level to be drawn 15–30 minutes after a dose and a trough level to be drawn 5 minutes prior to the next scheduled dose. | NETILMICIN |
| Determine what the therapeutic index of a drug represents. | IT QUANTIFIES THE THERAPUTIC WINDOW OF A DRUG |
| Evaluate the options, and determine the implication of a narrow therapeutic window. | TIGHT MONITIRNG OF A THERAPUTIC INDEX IS REQUIRED |
| Determine how the clinician knows when a drug has reached a steady state. | WHEN THE THERAPUTIC EFFECTIVNESS OF A DRUG IS 4-5 X GREATER THAN THE HALF LIFE OF A MED |
| Determine a factor that may cause variations in drug responsiveness. | RENAL FUNCTION |
| Propose a chief characteristic of an agonist.` | IT CAN BE ENDOGENOUS, EXOGENOUS, FULL, OR PARTIAL |
| Explain what an antagonist is. | IT IS A PHARACEUTICAL LIGAND THAT COMPETES FOR HORMONE BINDING |
| When calculating the therapeutic index of a medication, determine what LD50 represents. | IT IS AN INDICAITON OF THE LEGAL TOXCITY OF A SUBSTANCE |
| Determine how the level of a medication's minimum effective concentration (MEC) is related to its minimum toxic concentration (MTC). | A MEDICATION THAT IS UNABLE TO SURPASS MEC LEVELS CAUSES THERAPUTIC FAILURE |
| Explain the relationship of an administered medication and its effect. | THERE IS A RECIPRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ADMINISTERED MEDICAITON AND ITS EFFECT |
| Determine what the therapeutic index of a drug represents. | IT QUANTIFES THE THERAPUTIC WINDOW OF A DRUG |
| Identify what drug receptors include. | SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CAN DETECT CHANGES IN THE EXTRACELLUALR ENVIRON. |
| Evaluate the list of options, and determine the characteristic that causes plasma concentration variability in an administered medication. | DRUG INTERACTION |
| Evaluate the options, and determine the implication of a narrow therapeutic window. | DRUG DOSES MUST BE TITERED CAREFULLY TO AVOID ADVERSE REACTIONS |
| Determine what optimal instruction is necessary on a standardized prescription. | SPECIFIC SET OF DIRECTIONS |
| Determine a prescriber's selection of a medication for a particular treatment. | THE PRESENCE OF AN UNDERLYING CONDITON |
| Determine a drug that has a low potential for abuse and a low risk of dependence. | AMBIEN |
| Determine what element of a standard prescription should be avoided to minimize the potential for dispensing errors | ABBREVIATIONS |
| Determine a drug that has a moderate potential for physical and psychological dependence. | TYLENOL #3 |
| Determine a characteristic of a valid prescription. | IT MUST BE ISSUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SOUND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE |
| Identify which provider must have a DEA number to prescribe controlled substances. | PODIETRIST |
| Explain how a provider assesses risk with opioid use. | BY CHECKING A URINE SAMPLE OF PRESCRIBED DRUG OR OTHER ILLICIIT SUBSTNACES |
| Identify which provider must have a DEA number to prescribe controlled substances.` | PA |
| Determine a drug that has a moderate potential for physical and psychological dependence.` | ANABOLIC STEROIDS |
| Explain why verbal prescriptions can be particularly problematic. | THEY CAN BE EASILY MISUNDERSTOOD |
| Conclude which of the following applies to prescriptions. | A PROVIDERS WRITTEN INSTRUCITON AUTHORIZING A MEDICAL TREATMENT |
| Determine what a plan for monitoring medication action involves. | DETERMINATION OF AN END POINT FOR THERAPHY |
| Identify an important step in ensuring the validity of a prescription. | A THERAPUTIC OBJECTIVE MUST BE SELECTED |
| Determine what optimal instruction is necessary on a standardized prescription. | A REMINDER OF THE PURPOSE OF THE MEDICAITON |
| Determine a drug that has a lower potential for abuse. | PAREPECTLIN |
| Identify a required element of a standard prescription for a noncontrolled substance. | PT NAME |
| Identify the mind and body practice administered by a trained professional. | HYPNOTHERAPY |
| A 48-year-old female with flu-like symptoms. She has a history of COPD, and her med include Spiriva. She has been taking Comtrex Day Time Cough & Cold medicine during the day and Nyquil at night. Determine what other symptoms the clinician can expect | BLURRED VISION & TINNITUS |
| Determine how vitamin D deficiency is manifested in adults. | EXACERBATION OF ASTHMA |
| Recommend how clinicians can prevent potential abuses of OTC medications with their patients. | ENCOURAGE PT TO ASK PHARMACIIST ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS AND INTERACTONS -Encourage patients to disclose a list of all prescription and nonprescription drugs. |
| Conclude why people self-medicate.` | URGENT NEED: THEY DONT FEEL WELL |
| Explain why dextromethorphan is a potentially dangerous OTC medication. | IT HAS SIGNIFIANT ALCHOL CONTNENT |
| Identify a form of alternative medicine practice. | PRAYER |
| Identify a form of alternative medicine practice. | THERAPUTIC TOUCH |
| Perceive a chief characteristic of nutraceuticals. | THEY ARE NOT TESTED OR REGULATED BY FDA |
| Identify the mind and body practice administered by a trained professional. | QI GONG |
| Conclude how alternative therapy is used. | FOR STRESS REDUCTION |
| Perceive how a thiamine deficiency is manifested. | CONFUSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS |
| Identify the OTC medication that can impair driving. | TAGAMENT HB |
| A 52-year-old male has been taking Ambien CR 12.5 mg every night for sleep for the last 3 years. He currently has the flu. Determine the OTC medication that he should avoid. | DELSUM & NYQUIL & PEPTO BYSMAL |
| Estimate a major risk associated with self-medicating. | POTENTIAL ABUSE |
| Conclude how alternative therapy is used. | FOR MANAGING CHRONIC DISEASE |
| Relative to OTC drug use, determine which of the following should clinicians expect to see in their patients. | PT MAY BE FRUSTRATED D/T FSILED ATTEMPTS TO SELF MEDICATE |
| Determine how vitamin D deficiency is manifested in adults. | OSTEOMALACIA |
| Perceive a chief characteristic of an over-the-counter drug. | ITS BENEFIT OUT WEIGHS RISK |
| Determine how the protein-binding capacity of selected medications affects the geriatric population. | POLYPHARMACY THAT INTCLUDES OTC CAN REDUCE PROTEIN BINDING CAPACITY FOR SPECIFIC MEDS |
| Propose which homeostatic response affects drug absorption in the elderly. | DELYAED GASTRIC EMPTYING |
| Determine how age-related changes affect the kidney in the context of drug elimination. | MEDICATION DOSING OF DRUGS THAT RELY ON RENAL ELIMINATION SHOULD BE LOWERED |
| Determine one of the most important considerations in adolescent pharmacology | DRUG ADDICTION |
| Determine a cause of slowed drug metabolism in an older adult. | EXCESSIVE ALCHOL CONSUMPTION |
| Determine which medication a 10-day-old infant runs the risk of toxicity with and why. | PHENYTOIN: DECREASED PROTIEN BINDING CAPACITY |
| Determine how pharmacokinetic gender differences are manifested in the body's systems. | MEN HAVE A HIGHER GFR THAN WOMAN, GIVING MEN A HIGHER CLEARNAC RATE OF MEDS ELIMINATED BY KIDNEY |
| Determine how age-related changes affect the kidney in the context of drug elimination. | DRUG HALF LIFE IS PROLONGED D/T DELAYED ELIMINATION |
| Explain why pharmacotherapeutics for adolescents is challenging. | MUCH OF WHAT IS KNOWN IS BASED ON ADULT MONITORING |
| Determine one of the most important considerations in adolescent pharmacology. | EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TREATEMNT |
| Perceive how the U.S. population is affected by age-related changes in pharmacotherapeutics. | DRUG DISTRIBUTION IS IMPACTED BY INCREASEOF BODY FAT AS WE AGE |
| Determine how a clinician can correct medication dosing when the kidneys are impaired. | THE COCKCROFT-GOLFT FORMULA CAN BE USED TO MAKE A ROUGH EXTIMATION |
| Identify why men have generally poorer outcomes than women. | MEN HAVE A HIGHER RISK OF PREMATURYLY DYING FROM HEART DISEAE |
| Determine a placenta function that protects the fetus from maternal circulation. | CAN TURN TOXIC ACTIVE FORMS OF MED INTO NON TOXIC NON ACTIVE FORM |
| Judge how the clinician can tell if a patient is having a type II allergic response. | INGESTED DRUG HAS TRIGGERED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA |
| Identify a type of antagonistic drug interaction. | DISPOSITONAL ANTAGONISM |
| Explain how adverse drug reactions can be classified to capture reactions associated with chronic cumulative medication exposure. | CLASSIFY A REACTION BASED ON THE TIME IT TAKES A MED TO CAUSE A REACTION |
| Identify a common medication classification that is subject to interactions with herbal supplements. | ANTICOAULANTS |
| The cytochrome system is responsible for triggering drug–drug interactions. Determine the cause of these reactions. | GENETIC PREDISPOSITION |
| Assess which is true about adverse drug reactions. | THEY ARE UNINTENDED EFFECTS CAUSED BY ADMINISTRATION OF A DRUG |
| Deduce why the rights of safe medication administration have been developed | TO ENSURE PROPER THERAPUTIC TREATMENT FOR THE PT |
| Identify a common medication classification that is subject to interactions with herbal supplements | CARDIOVASCULAR |
| Propose how medication errors can be avoided. | INCLUDE REDUNDANT CHECKPOINTS FOR PRESCRIBING, DISPENSIG AND ADMINISTERING MEDS |
| Differentiate between stage II and stage IV acetaminophen toxicity. | IN STAGE II HEPATIC INJURY CONTINEUS, WHERAS RECOVERY BEGINS IN STAGE IV |
| Identify a type of antagonistic drug interaction. | CHEMICAL ANTAGONISM |
| Determine the type of medication that remains bound to a receptor site, thereby blocking the action of warfarin. | BARBITURATE |
| Determine the common symptom of an allergic reaction in response to an administered medication | RASH |
| Conclude the goal of managing drug interactions | TO OPTIMIZE TREATMENT WHILE MINIMIZING INTERACTONS |
| The cytochrome system is responsible for triggering drug–drug interactions. Determine the cause of these reactions. | OVERALL HEALTH STATUS |
| Explain how a drug can cause a change in the absorption of another drug from the intestinal lumen. | AN H2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER RAISES GI PH |
| Perceive how receptor sensitivity can modify drug–receptor interactions. | THE DRUG CAN PRODUCE A MORE PROFOUND EFFECT ON THE TARGET |
| Explain how the authority to prescribe medications is established. | STATE LAW DICTATES WHO CAN PRESCRIBE MEDICATIONS |
| Determine by which methods health insurers influence prescribing procedures.` | INSURERS HAVE PROTOCOLS THE PRESCRIBERS MUST FOLLOW |
| Explain controlled substances. | MEDIDAITONS THAT CAN HAVE A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON A PERSONS HEALTH AND WELFARE |
| Determine a characteristic of a scheduled drug | SCHEUDLED I DRUGS HAVE NO ACCEPTED MEDICAL USE |
| Propose what constitutes unethical behavior in a prescriber of a controlled substance. | PRESCRIBING MEDS FOR A FRIEND OR FAMILY MEMBER |
| Determine a general prescribing rule for scheduled drug. | MULTIPLE PRESCRIPTONS FOR THE SAME DRUG CAN BE PRESCRIBED FOR A LATER DATE |
| Conclude how the clinician acknowledges the competency of a patient | THE PT IS BOTH LEGALLY AND CLINICALLY COMPETANT |
| Determine a general prescribing rule for scheduled drug. | MEDS WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE CAN BE REFILLED WITHOUT A NEW SCRIPT' |
| Propose why advanced practice nurses (APNs) should avoid off-label prescribing. | COURTS MAY DETERMINE PACKAGE INSERT TO BE FULL LIST OF INDICAITONS AND TAKE NP LICENSE AWAY |
| Conclude how the clinician acknowledges the competency of a patient. | CLINICAL COMPETANCE IS DETERMINED WHEN PT UNDERSTANDS PROCUDURE OR SERVICE |
| Conclude how the treatment of pain has affected prescription practices. | THE CHRONIC USE OF NARCOTICS FOR PAIN HAS LEAD TO OVERDOSE AND DEATH |
| Propose how abuses in prescribing are limited. | SCHEUDLED MEDS MUST BE WROTE ON TAMPER PROOF PRESCRIPTON PADS |
| Propose what constitutes unethical behavior in a prescriber of a controlled substance. | SELLING SCRIPTS TO VULNERABLE POPULATIONS |
| Determine the purpose of the Controlled Substances Act. | THE STATUE EXPANDS FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TO CONTROLLED SUBSTNACES |
| Conclude which of the following is an FDA violation associated with misprescribing. | CRIMINAL CHARGES AT THE STATE OR FEDERAL LEVEL |
| Propose why advanced practice nurses (APNs) should avoid off-label prescribing. | THERE ARE NO LAWS THAT GOVERN OFF-LABEL PRESCRIBING OR LAWS TO PROTECT NPS |
| Determine the kind of legal sanctions that health care providers face for inappropriate prescribing. | BREACH OF CONTRACT FROM 3RD PARTY INSURANCE |
| Propose why a clinician would engage in off-label prescribing. | THERE IS NEW INFO AVAILABLE TO TREAT CERTAIN CONDITIONS |
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krystalcarey
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