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jfrane
Chapter 15 & 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Avitamosis (hypovitimosis) | A condition that developes as a result of lack of vitamins |
| Hypervitaminosis | overdose of vitamins |
| Minerals | Nonorganic materials found in the earths crust. Iron-may help prevent macular degeneration |
| Anemia | A condition in which the number of red blood cells or amt. of hemoglobin is less than normal |
| Essintial Fatty Acids EFA | Molecules found in fats that are not produced by the body but are necessary for proper function |
| Antioxidants | Agents that inhibit oxidation thereby neutralizing the effect of free radicals Believed to play a part in tissue damage and the aging process. |
| Fiber | Food substance found only in plants that is not digested by gastrointestinal enzymes. broccoli, cauliflower |
| Vitamin A | fish oils (cod liver), dairy, carrots, spinach nightblindness |
| Vitamin D | dairy, ultraviolet radiation...Rickets, enables the body to absorb calcium |
| Vitamin K | spinach, broccoli...hemorragic tendency, needed for blood to clot normally |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | nuts, seed, wheat germ...no deficiency, boost the immune system |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | yeast, liver...beriberi |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | milk, kidney, liver...dermatitis |
| Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) | tuna, peanuts, liver...pellagra (raw skin) |
| Bitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | molasses, milk, yeast...skin lesions |
| Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) | eggs, legumes, cereal...no deficiencies |
| Folic acid | green leafy vegetables, cantaloupe...Macrocytic anima |
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) | animal tissue, liver...Pernicious anima |
| Vitamin C (Asorbic acid) | berries, citrus fruits(must be fresh)...scurvy |
| Iron | iron has long been known to be an essintial component of blood hemoglobin, iron deficiency common in teens |
| ferrous sulfate | Feosol iron suppliment |
| ferrous gluconate | Fergon iron suppliment |
| Calcium & Phosphorus | Unlike iron deficiencies, conditions arising from calcium and phosphorus deficiencies are usually due to metabolic problems rather than nutritional deficiencies. |
| Osteoporosis | A condition in which there is thinning of the calcified portions of bone owing to deficient formation of bone matrix. |
| calcium gluconate | commercial preparation of calcium |
| Potassium | maintains water and electrolyte concentrations within the body tissues and cells |
| Name 3 potassium drugs | Slow-K, Ten-K, K-Dur 10 (commercial preparation) |
| Define Antibotics | Substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms |
| Broad-spectrum antibotics | an antibotic that is effictive against many microorganisms |
| Narrow-spectrum antibotics | an antibotic that is effective against only a few microorganisms |
| What type of penicillin was developed to better absorb orally and also treat respiratory infections,cutaneous anthrax, ginivitis | penicillin V potassium (Pen VK- children) |
| amoxicillin | Amoxil (semisynthetic) |
| amoxicillin/clavulanic acid- | Augmentin (semisynthetic) |
| cephalosporins | also derived from mold, related to penicillin 4 generations |
| first-generation cephalosporins | effective against streptococci and some strains of staphlococci...Duricef |
| second-generation cephalosporins | In addition to activity against strep and staph, these agents are also effective against Haemophilus influenza...Ceclor |
| third-generation cephalosporins | effective against gram-negative invaders of the gastrointestional and uniary tracts- Rocephin |
| fourth-generation cephalosporins | Only one of these agents is available at present; Maxipime is used to treat urinary tract infections, including those associated with pyelonephritis |
| cefadroxil | Duricef...1st generstion |
| cephalexin | Keflex...1st generation |
| cefaclor | Ceclor...2nd generation |
| cefprozil | Cefzil...2nd generation |
| cefdinir | Omnicef...3rd generstion |
| cefixime | Suprax...3rd generation |
| ceftriaxone sodium | Rocephin...3rd generation |
| cefepime hydrochloride | Maxipime...4th generation |
| Tetracyclines | broad spectrum antibotic that is effecteve against many organisms, particularly those infecting the resiratory system and soft tissues...Rocky Mountain spotted fever minocin (macrolides) |
| doxycycline hyclate | Vibramycin (eythromycins) |
| minocycline hydrochloride | Minocin |
| Erythromycins | effective against gram-positive cocci...streptococci |
| erythromycin ethylsuccinate | EES,Ery-Ped (erythromycins) |
| azithromycin | Zithromax (erythromycins) |
| clarithromycin | Biaxin(erythromycins) |
| dirithromycin | Dynabac(erythromycins) |
| ciprofloxacin | Cipro tx: UTI (antimicrobials) |
| gatifloxacin | Tequin tx: effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (antimicrobials) |
| levoflaxacin | Levaquin tx: sinus, respiratory tract infections (antimicrobials) |
| moxiflaxacin hydrochloride | Avelox tx: UTI (antimicrobial) |
| ofloxacin | Floxin tx: STD's(antimicrobial) |
| sulfonamide drugs | "sulfa drugs" combat infection in the body by checking the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, must maintain adequate fluid intake |
| clindamycin hydrochloride | Cleocin tx: respiratory tract infections (antibiotic/sulfonamide) |
| gentamisin sulfate | Garamycin tx: GU infections (antibotics/sulfonamide) |
| metronidazol | Flagyl tx: trichomoniasis (antibiotic/sulfonamids) |
| vancomycin hydrochloride | Vancocin tx: septicemia (antiboitic/sulfonamide) |
| sulfasalazine | Azulfidine tx: Crohn's (antiboitic/sulfonamide) |
| co-trimoxazole(trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole) | Bactrim tx: otitis media, UTI's(antiboitics/sulfonamide) |
| Fungi | eukaryotic organisms that contain no chorophyll or vascular tissue, survive by growing on or absorbing nutrients from surrounding matter...tinea pedis (athlets foot), thrush |
| Virus | microscopic infectious agent that requires living host cells for metabloism, when it enters the host cell the virus is able to reproduce and mutate |
| fluconazole | Diflucan tx: vaginal candidiasis (antifungal) |
| itraconazole | Sporanox tx: stemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients (antifungal) |
| terbinafine hydrochloride | Lamisil tx: orally for toe or finger nail fungus (antifungal) |
| acyclovir sodium | Zovirax tx: chickenpox, herpes simplex (antiviral) |
| famciclovir | Famvir tx: genital herpes (antiviral) |
| oseltamivir | Tamiflu tx: influenza A&B (antiviral) |
| abacavir | Ziagen tx: Aids (antiviral) |
| crotamiton | Eurax tx:lice, scabies |
| lindane | Kwell tx:head lice, scabies |
| permethrin topical cream | Elimite tx: scabies |
Created by:
jfrane
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