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BLUEPRINT [LR]
Prevalent Flaws
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional??? | • Converse | • Inverse | |
| Equivocation?? | • Shift in meaning of a word | • Treating related, but distinct, concepts as the same thing | |
| Sampling? | • Sample group not representative of conclusion group | • Sample group biased | |
| Comparison? | • Makes analogy/comparison between things that may differ in a crucial respect | • Incomplete comparison | |
| Ad Hominem? | • Attacking character | • Attacking inconsistent behavior | |
| Composition? | • Whole to part (concluding about a part(s) based on the whole) | • Part to whole (concluding about the whole based on a part(s)) | |
| Absence of Evidence? | • An absence of evidence does not mean claim is true/false | • Defeating evidence for a claim does not mean claim is true/false | |
| Temporal? | • What was ≠ what is or what will be | • What is ≠ what was or what will be | • What will be ≠ what was or what is |
| Logical Force? | • Modality | • Quantification | |
| Perception vs. Reality? | • Belief in truth ≠ truth | • Irrelevant opinions | • Inappropriate authority |
| Percentage vs. Amount? | • Percent ≠ amount | • Amount ≠ percent | |
| Circular Reasoning? | • Conclusion same as premise | ||
| Comparative vs. Absolute? | • Comparative statement does not support absolute conclusion | • Absolute statement does not support comparative conclusion | |
| One-sided? | • Failing to consider negatives when making a positive judgment | • Failing to consider positives when making a negative judgment | |
| Other Prevalent Flaws? | Ignoring argument (two-speaker stimulus) | Questionable Assumption | |
| Gamblers Fallacy?? | **Is a type of temporal fallacy | **Makes an an improper jump in time between what was/what is/what will be | |
| Temporal Fallacy ?? | **Makes an an improper jump in time between what was/what is/what will be | ||
| Circular Reasoning? | **When you give a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion. | ||
| Ignoring an argument?? | **When you have a two-argument stimulus and is exactly what the name sounds like. | **If the person making the second argument just ignores a good point made by the first argument, that can be a fallacy | |
| Questionable Assumption?? | **Is just the default way to think about flaw questions | **All flaw questions are making a questionable assumption. **The prevalent flaws are just putting names to the questionable assumptions being made. | **If you don't spot a prevalent flaw, just paraphrase whatever questionable assumption is being made. ---In other words, what is the gap between the premises and the conclusion? |
| Causation?? | • Correlation does not equal causation | • Could be alternate cause | • Cause and effect may be reversed |
| Exclusivity?? | • Fails to establish no other options available | • Fails to adequately eliminate options | • Falsely assumes options are exclusive/not exclusive |
Created by:
KyronCox
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