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Phy Sci Test 7
Apologia physical science module 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aphelion | the point at which the earth is farthest from the sun |
| perihelion | the point at which the earth is closest to the sun |
| lines of longitude | imaginary lines that run north and south across the earth |
| lines of latitude | imaginary lines that run east and west across the earth |
| coriolis effect | the way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds, sea currents, and objects that fly through different latitudes |
| air mass | a large body of air with relatively uniform pressure, temperature, and humidity |
| weather front | a boundary between two air masses |
| difference between weather and climate | weather refers to the condition of the earth's atmosphere at any particular time. Climate is a steady condition that prevails over a long period of time in one region |
| three main factors that affect earth's weather | thermal energy, uneven distribution of thermal energy, water vapor in the atmosphere |
| cumulus clouds | "pile" - fluffy clouds that look like piles of cotton in the sky |
| stratus clouds | "layer" - a flat layer of clouds close to the ground. Dark ones mean rain (nimbo) |
| Cirrus clouds | "wisp" - feathery clouds way up high in the toposphere |
| "alto" | if cloud is at a higher altitude than what is typical for other members of its group |
| "nimbo" or "nimbus" | dark clouds that often bring precipitation |
| insolation | incoming solar radiation which is sunlight |
| what causes wind? | because of uneven thermal energy distribution (the sun hitting the earth directly or indirectly), different temperatures around the world cause the air to move. |
| how does the earth's axial tilt affect summer and winter? | because the earth is tilted, insolation hits it in different ways depending on which hemisphere you are looking at. At Perihelion, SH tilts toward sun so it's summer - At aphelion, NH gets summer |
| why isn't there a constant stream of wind blowing from the poles to the equator? | because the temperature of the air changes as it changes latitude which causes loops of wind to develop at different latitudes; and the carioles effect which causes the wind to bend |
| understand how the coriolis effect would change the direction of a missile. What way would you aim it if you were at the pole and wanted it to go due north? What if you were north and wanted it to go directly to the equator? | because the ground in Alaska rotates slower than it does at the equator, you would have to fire the missile southeast if you were at the north pole, and northwest if you were at the equator. (see pg.169 for review) |
| what causes the wind patterns to bend in different regions of the globe | the coriolis effect |
| what 2 factors affect global wind patterns | changing air temperature and the Coriolis effect |
| three types of air masses | arctic and polar which are cold and tropical which is warm |
| air masses formed over land so they tend to be dry | continental air masses |
| air masses formed over water so they tend to be moist | maritime air masses |
| four basic types of weather fronts | cold fronts, warm fronts, stationary fronts, and secluded fronts |
| what kind of weather does a cold front cause | cold air moves in, warm air moves up, moisture accumulates into a cumulus cloud. If temps are extreme, a thunderstorm results and cooler temperature follow. Cold fronts generally cause the most severe weather systems |
| what kind of weather does a warm front cause | warm air moves in a rises above the cold air. As it slopes upward, cirrus clouds form, than stratus and eventually nimbostratus with a lighter rain |
| Climate | a steady condition that prevails day in and day out in a particular region |
| weather | the condition of the earth's atmosphere at any particular time |
| summer solstice | the longest day - more than 12 hours |
| winter solstice | the shortest day - less than 12 hours |
| summer solstice | days are more than 12 hours in N.H. and less than 12 hours in S.H. |
| winter solstice | days are less than 12 hours in N.H. and more than 12 hours in S.H. |
| from summer to winter | length of the day is decreasing in H.H. and increasing in S.H. |
| from winter to summer | length of the day is increasing in N.H. and decreasing in S.H. |
| what causes the wind in a certain region to be different from what we expect based on the global patterns we see? | local winds |
| an air mass is dry and warm. what kind of air mass is it? | continental tropical |
| an air mass is cold and moist. what kind of air mass is it? | maritime polar |
| sea breeze compared to a land breeze | land heats faster during the day so surface breeze blows from the water to the land. At night the opposite is true so breeze blows from land to the sea |
Created by:
libbykaly
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