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SOL PS 3-5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
| Dalton | an English teacher who developed an early atomic theory describing the atom as indivisible unchanging balls like marbles |
| Thomson | proposed a model of an atom that had negatively charged electrons scattered throughout a ball of positive charge like plum pudding |
| Rutherford | proposed a model of an atom containing mostly empty space with a nucleus with positively charged protons in the center |
| Bohr | suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom like planets around the sun |
| Chemical Symbol | letters used on the Periodic Table to represent an element |
| Atomic Number | smaller number on the Periodic Table indicating the number of protons in an atom of the element |
| Atomic Mass | larger number on the Periodic Table indicating the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element |
| group | vertical column on the periodic table indicating elements with the same number of valence electrons and similar characteristics |
| period | horizontal row on the Periodic Table |
| metals | elements that are good conductors and tend to be shiny and bendable |
| nonmetals | elements that are poor conductors and tend to be dull and brittle; found to the right of the stair step line on the Periodic Table |
| metalloids | used to make semi-conductors, are usually brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive; along the stair step of the Periodic Table |
| ionic bond | a bond between a metal and a nonmetal in which electrons are either lost or gained |
| covalent bond | a bond between a two nonmetals in which electrons are shared |
| ion | an atom that has gained or lost an electron |
| physical change | the chemical composition does not change |
| chemical change | a new substance is formed as atoms rearrange |
| Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy | mass and energy cannot be created or destroyed, they can only change form |
| Chemical Equation | used to represent a chemical change |
| reactants | substances on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation that indicate the starting materials |
| products | substances on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation that indicate the new materials |
| nuclear reaction | a reaction involving the particles in the nucleus of atoms |
| fission | splitting of the nucleus of atoms which releases a huge amount of energy |
| fussion | combining of nuclei of atoms which releases a huge amount of energy |
| radioactive waste | dangerous product of nuclear reactions |
| valence electrons | outer electrons that are involved in bonding |
Created by:
sford
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