Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neuro1 -test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Opioid Analgesics Pharmacodynamics | natural or synthetic substances derived from Opium blocks transmission of pain to receptors and modulates pain sensation in opiate receptor sites changes perception of pain |
| Opioid Analgesics Pharmacotherapeutics | effective against deep, sharp visceral pain, post-surgical, trauma Availability – all forms Prototype morphine sulfate Legal Implications: FDA regulated, controlled substance (Schedule II) Also called “ Narcotics” which is the legal name |
| Opioid Analgesics Common Adverse Effects | respiratory depression, GI alterations, changes in level of consciousness, visual disturbance, changes in mentation, CV alterations, abuse, dependency, increased ICP analgesia is usually followed by CNS depression |
| Opioid Analgesics drugs 1 | Natural Opium Alkaloids morphine sulfate (Duramorph) codeine sulfate camphorated opium tincture (Paregoric) Semi-Synthetic Opiates hydromorphone Hcl (Dilaudid) oxymorphone Hcl (Numorphan) |
| Opioid Analgesics drugs 2 | Synthetic Opiates meperidine Hcl (Demerol) fentanyl citrate (Sublimaze) |
| Opioid Analgesics Additional agents | oxycodone/aspirin (Percodan) PO oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet, Tylox) PO oxycodone (Roxicodone); MS Contin PO butorphanol (Stadol) IM nalbuphine (Nubain) IM Codeine Combinations Emprin , Fiorinal; Tylenol # 1,2,3,4 PO |
| Opioid Analgesics Common Adverse Effects | Respiratory – depression, arrest, Cardiovascular – hypotension, bradycardia, vasodilation, diaphoresis GI – N/V, constipation GU – urinary retention Eye - Pupillary constriction Psychological - tolerance, addiction, abuse |
| Opioid Antagonist Pharmacodynamics | competitively blocks the effects of opioids, including CNS and respiratory depression Antidote for opioid-induced respiratory depression |
| Opioid Antagonist Pharmacotherapeutics | reversal of CNS depression and respiratory depression due to suggested narcotic overdose Prototype: naloxone (Narcan) |
| Non-Opioid Analgesics Pharmacodynamics | Same action as narcotic analgesics w/o producing generalized CNS depression Contained in many OTC medications |
| Non-Opioid Analgesics Pharmacotherapeutics | management of mild to moderate pain |
| Non-Opioid Analgesics Major Categories/Prototypes | salicylates – ASA acetaminophen – Tylenol NSAID – ibuprophen (Advil) propoxyphene/aspirin (Darvon) propoxyphene/acetaminophen (Darvocet-N) |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics | Sedatives: alming effect and reduce anxiety Hypnotics: promote natural-like sleep Commonalities: both can cause physiologic and psychological dependency |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Major Therapeutic Groups: | Major Therapeutic Groups: Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Non-benzodiazepines/Non-barbiturates |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Pharmacotherapeutics: | sedation, insomnia, pre-op sedation, anxiety & panic disorders |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Pharmacodynamics: | general sedation, generalized depression of CNS, hypnotic-like action of sedatives in large doses |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Prototypes: | Benzodiazepines – diazepam (Valium) Barbiturates – phenobarbital |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Adverse Effects | Benzodiazepines – day time sedation antegrade amnesia, anticholinergic-like effects, hypotension (IV only), GI, respiratory depression Barbiturates – hepatotoxicity, severe CNS depression, respiratory depression, GI, hypotension (IV only) |
| Sedatives & Hypnotics Nursing Implications | Safety Gradual withdrawal Cross addiction with alcohol Interactions with many other drugs Monitor VS, LOC, Changes in mentation |
| Antianxiety Agents Pharmacotherapeutics | Indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders, including: Obsessive-Compulsive; Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome; Generalized Anxiety disorders; Panic Disorders; Social and simple phobias Also know as Anxiolytics |
| Antianxiety Agents Major Categories | Benzodiazapines – most frequently ordered; mild adverse effects Barbiturates – oldest antianxiety agents; several undesirable adverse effects Antihistamines – ability to depress CNS |
| Antianxiety Agents Nursing Implications / Teaching 1 | Monitor for S/S of CNS depression; respiratory depression; blood dyscrasias; renal and hepatotoxicity (Barbiturates) |
| Antianxiety Agents Nursing Implications / Teaching 2 | Teach safety (drowsiness, lethargy) Monitor for S/S dependence & abuse Teach about drug interactions Check with physician before taking any OTC medications |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Pharmacotherapeutics | used to control seizures and erratic brain wave activity |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Pharmacodynamics | prevents seizure activity in the brain or prevents the spread of seizure focus |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Major Categories / Prototypes: | Hydantoins phenytoin (Dilantin) Iminostilbens carbamazepine (Tegretol) Succinimides ethosuximide (Zarontin) Valporic Acids valporate Na (Depakene) |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Adverse Reactions / Nursing Care 1 | CNS depression, GI disturbance, Ataxia, hypotension (IV Dilantin), blurred vision, rash, blood dyscrasias, hyperplasia of gums (Dilantin), hepato & renal toxicity Safety |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Adverse Reactions / Nursing Care 2 | Good oral hygiene Monitor: Serum hydantoin levels (Norm: 10-20mcg/ml), CBC, BUN, Creatinine, Liver enzymes Avoid alcohol Monitor for multiple drug interactions (Dilantin |
| Anticonvulsant Therapy Adjunct Agents | Benzodiazapines – diazepam (Valium) IV used with Dilantin for Status Epilepticus Barbiturates - phenobarbital used with Dilantin for long term management |
| Psychopharmacology Major Classifications | Antidepressants / Antimania Agents Antipsychotic Agents Antianxiety Agents (Anxiolytics) |
| Antidepressants & Antimania Agents Pharmacotherapeutics | Indicated for the treatment of Affective Mood Disorders that produce depression, and/or mania not related to any other physical or psychiatric condition |
| Antidepressants purpose | Treatment of choice for major depressive disorders Major Categories of Agents Tricyclic Antidepressants Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) |
| Antidepressants Major Adverse Effects (Toxicology) | Sedation Changes in mentation Extrapyramidal Syndrome (EPS) Blood dyscrasias Hypertensive crisis Food /Drug Interactions (MAO Inhibitors) EKG / Visual changes Orthostatic Hypotension |
| Antidepressants Additional Adverse Effects2 | Headache Dizziness Insominia GI Upset (nausea, diarrhea, constipation) Dry mouth, diaphoresis Male sexual dysfunction |
| Antidepressants Specific Agents: Prototypes | Tricyclic Antidepressants (1st Generation) amitriptyline (Elavil) (2nd Generation) bupropion (Wellbutrin) SSRI’s fluoxetine (Prozac) paroxetine (Paxil) |
| Antidepressants Specific Agents: Prototypes | MAO Inhibitors pheneizine (Nardil) tranycypromine (Parnate) |
| Antidepressants Nursing Implications / Teaching | Therapeutic blood levels: 2-4 weeks Monitor EKG, B/P, Vision Safety; Drug/Food Interactions Hypersentivity reactions or urinary related problems Administration guidelines |
| Antimanic Agents Pharmacotherapeutics Specific Agent: Prototype | Indicated for the treatment of Bi-Polar Disorders and/or Major Depressive episodes Specific Agent: Prototype lithium carbonate (Eskalith) lithium citrate (Cibalith-S) |
| Antimaniac Agents Major Adverse Effects (Toxicology) | CNS Musculoskeletal Gastrointestinal Urinary Lithium Toxicity |
| Antimaniac Agents Nursing Implications / Teaching | Therapeutic serum levels: Acute: 1.0 – 1.5 mEq/L Maintenance: 0.6 – 1.2 mEq/L Monitor CBC, F & E (Na.), I & O Regular blood testing Good hydration; take with food Recognize S/S Lithium Toxicity |
| Antimaniac Agents Lithium Toxicity | Blood serum levels: > 2mEq/L Confusion, lethargy, slurred speech, hyperreflexia, seizures, giddiness, muscle faculations, ataxia, oliguria |
| Antipsychotic Agents | Also called Major Tranquilizers or Neuroleptic Agents Discovered by accident phenothiazines – research for new antihistamine 1st phenothiazine – Thorazine Largest group of psychotrophic agents 2/3’s of all antipsychotic agents are phenothiazi |
| Antipsychotic Agents Pharmacotherapeutics | Indicated for treatment (control) of serious mental illness, including: Drug-Induced psychoses Schizophrenia; Autism Selected Affective Disorders |
| Antipsychotic Agents | Major Classifications Phenothiazines (“…zines for the zany”) Non-Phenothiazines Phrenothiazines Butyrophenones Dibenzoxazepine Dihydroindolone Thioxanthenes |
| Antipsychotic Agents Common Adverse Effects (Toxicology) | Hepatic effects - hepatotoxicity Blood dyscrasias – agranulocytosis Renal Effects – nephrotoxicity CNS – depression CV - EKG/B/P Changes Reproductive – libido Neuromuscular – dystonia; akathisia; EPS; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (MNS) |
| Antipsychotic Agents Nursing Implications / Teaching | Monitor for s/s EPS (administer Cogentin as ordered) Avoid sun exposure; wear protective clothing and sun screen Avoid substances that can potentate CNS depressive effects Check with physician before taking OTC medications |
Created by:
d4w751
Popular Pharmacology sets