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Chapter 8, Comp 15
Chapter 8, Comp 15 Orange Tech
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Community Pharmacy | pharmacies that provides prescription services to the public |
| Aphasia | Communication disorder that results from brain damage, stroke |
| Interpersonal Skills | skills involving relationships between people, Sender, the message, receiver, feedback, barriers. |
| Nonverbal Communication | Body position, Facial expressions, Lack of eye contact, tone of voice. |
| Two principles of Communication | To establish ongoing rapport, to provide an exchange of info for patient health and quality of life |
| 5 RIGHTS | The right patient, The right medicine, The right route, The right dose, The right time |
| Independent pharmacies | Individually owned local pharmacies |
| Chain pharmacies | Chains such as CVS, Walgreen’s and others |
| Mass Merchandiser Pharmacies | National stores such as Walmart, Target and others that have pharmacy departments. |
| Food Store Pharmacies | Chains such as Kroger, Giant Eagle and others that have pharmacy departments. |
| Attitude | Can determine if a patient comes back, this involves; Appearance, Attitude, Efficiency, Helping out. |
| Ways to help a patient understand | Pictograms, no medical jargon, avoid double meaning words, develop trustworthiness, be aware of cultural differences, use simple words and ideas to get patient info |
| Auxiliary Label | Provides supplementary info on meds |
| Contraceptives AL | Take as directed |
| NSAIDS AL | May cause dizziness/drowsiness, Take with food |
| Narcotics AL | Do Not Drink Alcohol, and/or drinking may increase the effects of the drug |
| Macrolide Antibiotics AL | Take on an empty stomach, Take with plenty of water |
| All Antibiotics AL | Take until gone/finished |
| Sulfa Antibiotics AL | May cause sensitivity to light, take on an empty stomach, Take with plenty of water |
| Warfarin AL | Do not take Aspirin unless prescribed |
| Applicator Bottles | Topical meds |
| Dropper Bottles | Ophthalmic, ear, nasal or liquid meds |
| Ointment jars, collapsible tubes | Ointments, creams, and gels |
| RX Bottles | Liquids |
| Round Vials | Solid dosages (Pills, tablets, capsules, caplets) |
| Amber Color | Protects meds from breaking down due to sunlight |
| Contamination | Wash all tools after each use, and keep work area cleaned with 70% Isopropyl Alcohol |
| Pharmacist Immunization Programs | Pharmacists may administer routine vaccinations (Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles, Hep A & B) |
| Good customer service | Understanding customer request for services, empathize with the customer, speak gently and be kind |
| Federal Regulations | Laws such as OBRA 90’, HIPAA |
| State Regulations | Community pharmacies are most closely regulated by their BOP |
| Transaction Window | Counter areas designated for taking prescriptions |
| (BIN) Bank Identification Number | Six-digit # used for routing and identification to process an RX claim |
| Behind the counter medications (BTC) | Sold behind the counter by pharmacist, not considered RX’s |
| Dispense as Written (DAW) | A numeric set of codes created by (NCPDP) used when filling an RX, and for reimbursement from insurance |
| DAW 0 | No product selection indicated |
| DAW 1 | No Substitution |
| DAW 2 | Substitution allowed if customer asks |
| DAW 3 | Substitution allowed by pharmacist |
| DAW 4 | Substitution allowed if generic not in stock |
| DAW 5 | Substitution allowed Brand dispensed as generic |
| DAW 6 | Override |
| DAW 7 | No Substitution by law Brand mandated |
| DAW 8 | Substitution allowed if generic not available in marketplace |
| DAW 9 | Other |
| Drug utilization evaluation (DUE) | Authorized, structured, ongoing review of health provider, dispensing, and patient use of meds |
| Dysarthria | Speech disorder that interferes with the normal control of speech mechanism |
| e-Prescribing | Computer-to-Computer transfer of RX , from prescriber to pharmacy |
| Federal Legend | Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription |
| NDC | Unique 10 or 11 digit # composed of three sets that is assigned to a med, 1st 4 #’s drug Maker, 2nd set specifics about the med, 3rd set drug packaging |
| National Provider Identifier (NPI) | 10 digit # for covered health care providers issued by Medicare and Medicaid |
| Nonproprietary (Generic) name | Short coined name for drug or chemical not subject to trademark, is official body |
| OTC medication | Does not require RX, but may be behind the counter |
| Prescription | Order for meds from a licensed practitioner |
| Proprietary (Name/trade Brand) Name | Protected name or trade drug by trademark |
| Refills | Permission by prescriber to replenish an ordered med |
| Repackage | To reduce the amount of meds taken from a bulk bottle/package |
| Signatura (signa or sig) | Directions on an RX for who to take the meds Latin for “write on label” |
| Prescription counter | Counter area designated for preparing |
| Compounding area | Counter area usually near a sink |
| Prescription bins or shelves | Areas for completed prescriptions |
| Pharmacist's judgment | Pharmacist's judgment; professional |
| Prescription in-take | Drop-off area where patients bring prescriptions |
| Patient Profile | Information about the patient, all meds, and OTC's taken by the patient as well as consult info from pharmacist |
| Online billing | Fill a bill at the same time as filling RX |
| Sole Proprietorship | Owned by one person and unincorporated business |
| Subscription | Specific instructions to the pharmacist on how to compound the RX |
| Superscription | Heading of an RX, Latin symbol RX meaning “Thou take” or “you take” |
| Therapeutic Alliance | Trust relationship between the healthcare team and patient, mutually agreed upon goals for treatment, and patient perceptions, and the acceptability of interventions |
| Partial fills | Dispensing a lesser quantity of a medication, or what is on hand, rest to be filled at a later time |
| Transfers | Sending a prescription at another pharmacy, only a pharmacist can transfer to another pharmacy unless it is from one CVS to another CVS then a Tech can do it. |
| Filing | Hard copies of prescription are filed, or scanned into a computer for later retrieval |
| Scanning a hard copy prescription | Accuracy and improved record keeping |
| Safety Caps | Vials and bottles must have a safety cap or child resistant cap, Per Poison Control Act |
| Counting tray | A tray designed for counting pills |
| Automated filling and dispensing machines | Machines that automatically fill and label pill bottles |
| Fill master | Device that dispenses the exact amount of distilled water |
| Final check by the pharmacist | Final check of the product and all paperwork by the pharmacist |
| Separation and removal of trash | Separate trash that contains protected health information (PHI) |
| OTC products | Products that do not require a prescription |
| Unit price | Price of a single unit of a product such as for 1 ounce of a liquid cold remedy. |
| Drive-through | An external site at a pharmacy that can be accessed by driving up in the car |
| Legend Drugs | A medication that may be dispensed only with a prescription directly from the pharmacy |
| Pharmacy compounding | The preparation, mixing, assembling, packaging, or labeling of a drug or device |
| Professionalism | The following of a profession as an occupation |
| Refrigerator Temperature | 2-8 C (36-46 F) |
| Group number | A number that identifies a patient's employer |
| Shelf stickers | Stickers with bar codes that can be scanned for inventory identification |
| MTM | Provide one-on-one pharmacist-patient consultation to help manage chronic diseases and conditions |
| States have limits on number of pharmacy technicians assisting the pharmacist at a given time | Yes (3:1) Three techs per one pharmacist |
| What information should a tech get when patient requests a refill | Patient's name and prescription number, DOB, telephone number, Medication name and strength, Doctors name, and waiting or returning to pick up |
| The primary card holder is usually designated by_________ | 01 |
| Mark up | The amount of the retailer's sale price minus their purchase price |
| Transaction windows | Counter areas designated for taking prescriptions and for dispensing them to patients |
| Community pharmacies that are individually owned local pharmacies are_________ | Independent pharmacies |
| Community pharmacies such as CVS , Walgreen's that are part of regional or national pharmacy chains are____________ | Chain pharmacies |
| Community pharmacies that are part of regional or national food store chains are__________ | Food Store Pharmacies |
| Requires pharmacists to offer counseling for each new patient medications | OBRA 90’ |
| Eleven-digit number that is unique to each drug product | NDC Number |
| Unit price information is found on shelf stickers for_______ | OTC Products |
| Refills | When processing a refill prescription, it is necessary to check that there are refills available. |
| Reconstitution | Some medications are shipped as powders, but must be mixed with distilled water so they are dispensed as liquids. |
| Almost _______ of all prescription drugs in the US are dispensed by community pharmacies | 2/3 |
| INTERPERSONAL SKILLS | Skills involving relationships between people |
| MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG IMPROVEMENT AND MODERNIZATION ACT | Benefit program to senior citizens, known as Medicare Part D, MTM is also part of it, provides a discount drug card to low income people |
| COMMBAT METHAMPHETAMINE EPIDEMIC ACT | Limits the sales of all over the counter products in any form contains the methamphetamine chemicals pseudoephedrine, ephedrine or phenylpropanolamine |
| Outcomes MTM, Rx THERAPY MANAGEMENT, MIRIXA | Three of the online platforms for MTM |
| 3.6 grams | Retail sales may not exceed _________PSE per day purchaser, regardless of the number of transactions |
| 9 grams | Individuals are prohibited from purchasing more then ________PSE per 30-day period |
| BLISTER PACKS, 2 DOSAGES OR UNIT DOSE PACKETS OR POUCHES | All non-liquid forms including gel caps of PSE products must be sold in ________ with no more than _______ or ______________ |
| 7.5 grams, 30 | Mail order companies may not sell more than _______ to any single customer within _____ day period |
| 60 mg | Retailers must maintain a written or electronic logbook of all transactions involving products with more than _____ of PSE |
| RED FLAG RULE | The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enacted provisions known as _________ help prevent identity theft |
| Customer Service | Provision of service to customers, before, during, and after a purchase. Customers expect more from their brick and mortar pharmacy, not just wait time, but interaction with pharmacy staff. |
| 01 person code | for insurance; indicates the patient is the primary cardholder |
| 02 person code | for insurance; indicates the spouse |
| 03 person code | for insurance; child |
| PRESCRIPTION NUMBER OR LOOKING IN PATIENT'S PROFILE | Most refills are looked up either by the ________ or _________ |
| AUTOMATED FILLING AND DISPENSING MACHINE | Automated machines that fill and label pill bottles with correct quantities of ordered drugs |
| KIRBY LESTER (KL1) | Pill counters |
| SIGNATURE LOG | Community pharmacies have customers sign a log to record that the prescription was picked up, may also record that patient medication counseling was offered |
| MARK UP | To make a profit, the retailer sells the products at __________ form the purchase price they paid wholesalers and manufacturers |
| SHELF STICKERS | OTC products have _________ that can be scanned for inventory identification; it also indicates the unit price information for consumers |
| DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (DME) | Canes, walkers and wheelchairs |
| PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION (PHI) | Includes any patient specifics such as names, address, phone numbers, medication, medical history etc., must be shredded or separate in receptacle to be picked up by outside vendor contracted to shred trash |
| What is the Orange Book used for? | Used by pharmacists to find the FDA's determination that a particular manufacturer's drug is therapeutically equivalent to the brand name. |
| FMEA | Failure Mode and Effects Analysis |
| What is FMEA used for? | To predict the opportunity for and severity of errors at various steps in the process. |
| CPOE | Computerized Physician (or prescriber) order entry |
| RCA | Root Cause Analysis |
| What is RCA? | A process that examines the contributing factors regarding why and how an error occurred. |
| MERP | Medication errors reporting process |
| What does a package insert provide? | Indications for use, Dosage and administration technique, Adverse reactions, Warnings, Precautions, Contraindications for the drug, how to prepare the drug, proper storage, available package sizes with NDC numbers. |
| What factors in the workplace contribute to medication errors? | Inadequate lighting, poorly designed work spaces, inefficient work flow, cluttered work spaces, loss of concentration, Improper equipment maintenance, staff schedule, untrained staff, relying on memory instead of checking with a chart.Noise |
| Why mark open containers with an "X"? | To readily identify the container that should be used first |
| When should you read the medication label? | When you remove it from the shelf, as it is being prepared, As the finished product is set aside for the pharmacist to check. |
| How many times should you read the label? And the prescription when filling. | Three times |
| What should the recipient of a telephone or verbal order immediately do? | Give it to the pharmacists for techs cannot take verbal or phone orders |
| What is a good general rule to follow for calculations? | Question a dosage that requires less than 1/2 or more than 2 of the dosage unit. |
| Day’s Supply | Total quantity divided Total quantity taken per day |
| Day’s Supply GTTs | 15gtts/mL x Number of mL divided Number of gtts instilled per day |
| Day’s Supply Inhalers | Number of inhalations per container divided by number of inhalations used each day |
| How can you prevent calculation errors? | Tech-check-tech/ pharmacist checks work, ask "Does the answer seem reasonable?" |
| How are calculation errors commonly made? | Wrong concentration of stock solutions, misplacing a decimal, Wrong conversions, neglecting to double check, Relying on memory. |
| Why is the pediatric population particularly at risk for calculation errors? | Because many drugs do not come in pediatric formulations so adult formulations have to be diluted or manipulated many times for the correct dose. |
| If a patient losses faith in the medical community what might they do? | Switch Pharmacies or Physicians, hesitate to seek help for fear of not receiving quality care, Seek non-conventional treatments from out of the medical community. |
| Clark’s Rule for Pediatric dosing | Child’s weight in pounds x adult dose(AD) 150 |
| What Should be on a Prescription? | Prescriber's name, Office address, Telephone number, DEA # if controls are ordered, and maybe the NPI # |
| Missing or invalid pharmacy number | 5 |
| Missing or invalid group number | 6 |
| Missing or invalid cardholder ID number | 7 |
| Missing or invalid person code | 8 |
| Missing or invalid birthdate | 9 |
| Missing relationship code | 11 |
| Missing days supply | 19 |
| Missing or invalid DAW code/product selection code | 22 |
| Missing or invalid prescriber ID | 25 |
| Missing or invalid unit of measure | 26 |
| Non-matched National Drug Code (NDC) number | 54 |
| Drug not covered for patient | 60 |
| Prior authorization required | 75 |
| Refill to soon | 79 |
| DUE, examines patients' medication records before dispensing is conducted. | Clinical abuse/misuse, drug allergies, drug overutilization, underutilization, contraindications, drug interactions, incorrect dosages, incorrect duration of drug treatment, therapeutic duplication. |
| Date | Date the drug is repackaged, which includes date, month and year |
| Drug | Drug name, usually generic and the brand name, if indicated on the repackaging log sheet |
| Dosage Form | examples include tablet, capsule, spansule , troche, suspension, elixir, solution |
| Drug Manufacturer | Drug manufacturer usually abbreviated |
| Drug Manufacturer lot number | Control number located on the side of the label or on the bottom of the bottle |
| Drugs expiration date | located with the lot number; remember that if the date indicates only the month and year, the medicine is good through the end of the month |
| Assigned pharmacy lot number | each repackaged item in pharmacy is given a number consecutive to the previous batch prepared |
| Pharmacy beyond-use date (BUD) | New date assigned to repackage medications according to United States Pharmacopeia <795> guidelines |
| Pharm Tech | Must initial log book entry |
| Pharmacist | Must check off each item repackaged |
Created by:
roseoforlando
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