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Pathology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| disease | abnormal condition that negatively affectd the structure of functin of all or part of an organ |
| syndrome | a group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific disease |
| asymptomatic | does not produce symptoms in the early stages |
| epidemiology | investagation of a disease in a large group ( done by CDC) |
| morbidity rate | amount of sickness that interfears with a persons normal routine |
| neoplastic disease | new or abnormal tissue growth (mass) |
| bengin | non cancerious |
| malignanat | cancerious |
| Staging of cancer | T Tumor N node lymph node involvement M metastise after M 1,2,3,4, 4 is usually death |
| latrogenic | Reactions that occurred due to adverse reactions to medical treatment itself collapsed lung during line Placement |
| Congenital | Present at birth |
| Hereditary | Transmitted from either parent |
| Degenerative disease | causes by Deterioration of the body |
| Metabolic disease | sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body |
| sclerotic | Additive disease a disease that increases body tissue |
| lytic/destructive | Subtractive disease decreases body tissue |
| edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in certain tissue |
| Pulmonary edema | Excessive fluid in lungs Usually Underlining heart problem |
| empyema (m-pie-ema) | Pus in the plural space |
| pneumonectomy | Surgical removal of a lung or part of a lung |
| acities | The Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity Ascites can also manifest as a result of cancers |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of a bone or bone marrow due to infection |
| hydrocephalus | Excesos CSF buildup within the ventricles of the brain |
| Atrophy | Process gradual breakdown of muscle tissue due to non use |
| Emaciation | Extreme weight loss wasting |
| Emphysema | Lung condition that causes SOB the air sacs in the lungs are damaged |
| Pneumothorax | Air leaks into the space between your lungs and chest wall CAUSING A COLLAPSED LUNG |
| How many bones does the axial skeleton contains | 80 |
| What does the axial skeleton consists | spine skull thorax |
| How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton | 126 |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consists | Upper and lower extremities shoulder girdle pelvic girdle |
| Name the end of a long bone | epiphysis |
| Name the shaft of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| anencephaly (ann-e-sef-a lee) | Congenital abnormality in the brain where the cranial vault does not form |
| RA | Chronic autoimmune disease that may fluctuate in severities usually occurs between the ages of 30 to 40 and 3 x more common in women |
| Osteoarthritis | Most common type of arthritis a.k.a. degenerative disease and DJD |
| osteosarcoma | Except for myeloma most common primary malignancy of the skeleton which arises from osteoblast |
| Osteoclast | breaks bone down |
| Osteoblast | cells that make bones / builds them up |
| Ventilation | Movement of air in and out of the lungs |
| Diffusion | Gas exchange between Lungs and the circulatory system |
| what consists of the upper respiratory tract | Nose Nasopharynx mouth Oropharynx larynx Larynopharynx |
| What consists of the lower respiratory track | Trachea bronchia Alveoli lungs |
| define pleura | Flattened air sacs of the serious membrane around each lung |
| parietal pleura | outer layer |
| visceral pleura | inner lung covering |
| What is contained in the mediastinum | thymus gland thyroid trachea heart great vessels esophagus |
| Miliary TB | Resembles millet seeds large numbers of bacteria are carried throughout him |
| Pulmonary TB | caused by mycobacterium Generally affects the lungs |
| pheumococcal Pneumonia | Most common bacteria and pneumonia generally affects the alveoli of an entire lung without affecting the bronchia |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma: Answer the following how common is it what % does it account for what age does it affect where does it arise near | Most common fatal primary malignancy in the US accounts for over 90% of all lung tumors affects ages 45 to 70 Arises near the Hilar |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | Air trapped in the mediastinum |
| How long is the alimentary track | approx 30 feet |
| what does the alimentary tract consist of 6 things | Esophagus Mouth pharynx stomach small and large intestine |
| Where does the alimentary track begin and end | mouth to anus |
| How long is he esophagus | 10 inches |
| Where does the esophagus end | Stomach |
| Where does the esophagus originate | C6 |
| What are the fold in the stomach called | Rugae |
| What are the divisions of the stomach | Fundus body pylorus |
| What are the layers of the stomach | Mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa |
| What is the inner layer of the stomach | mucosa |
| What is that outer layer of the stomach | serosa |
| How long and wide is the small intestine | 20 feet long 2 cm in diameter |
| What are the divisions of the small intestine | duodenum - shortest jejunum - feathery ileum |
| Diseases that generally require a decrease in exposure techniques are considered what | Destructive subtractive and lytic |
| This study and course of disease is called what | Pathology |
| What does prognosis refer to | The predicted course and outcome of a disease |
| What is osteoporosis considered | A subtractive disease |
| True or false early pulmonary tuberculosis is always symptomatic | false |
| True or false small cell carcinoma has a much higher mortality rate than other bronchialgenic cancers | true |
| The upper respiratory system includes which of the following 1. larynx 2. oral nasopharynx 3.trachea | 1 and 2 only |
| Low oxygen levels within the arterial blood and resulting from a failure of gas exchange function best describes what | hypoxemia |
| The most common Lethal nosocomial infection in the United States is what | Pneumonia |
| What pathology is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the United States accounting for 90% of lung tumors | Bronchialgenic carcinoma |
| What is pleural effusion described as | Excessive fluid collects in the plural cavity |
| Sinusitis is considered a ________pathologic condition | additive |
| True or false The use of ultrasound over other imaging modality in evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract Provides the opportunity to biopsy during the sonographic procedure | true |
| True or false small bowel barium studies are the most common means of identifying small bowel Neoplasma | false |
| Colorectal cancer's are the a. first b. second c. third d. sixth most common gastrointestinal cancers in the United States | a. first |
| What is currently the standard imaging procedure for staging superficial rectal carcinomas | Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) |
| True or false esophageal varices are best demonstrated in upright position because the lack of gravity in a recumbent position causes poor visualization | false |
| What percent of gallstones are composed of a mixture of cholesterol billirubin and calcium salts | 80 |
| The majority of adenocarcinomas occur in the ______of the pancreas | head |
| How is hepatitis B HBV transmitted | parenterally in infected serum or blood products |
| Where can gallstones be found | In the gallbladder or anywhere in the biliary tree |
| Which hepatitis is transmitted from the G.I. track in fecal material | HAV |
| How long is the large intestine | Five feet |
| What are the divisions of the large intestine | cecum , colon, rectum, anal canal |
| What is the hepatobilary system composed of LGB | Liver gallbladder bilary tree |
| What is the largest organ in the body | Liver |
| What is the major function of bile | aides and digestion of fat or breaking down fat Globulus As well as absorption of fats following the digestion |
| What is the function of the gallbladder | Store and concentrate bile |
| Which organ has both an endocrine and exocrine function | Pancreas |
| Define hernia | Protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening |
| Define hiatal hernia | Weakness of esophageal hiatus permits portion of the stomach to herniate into the thoracic cavity |
| Define volvulus | Twisting of bowel loop usually at sigmoid or ileocecal junction |
| intussusception | Telescoping appears as a coiled spring |
| What is gall stones made out of | Crystallize bile pigment and calcium salt |
| what is Gerd | Chronic digestive disease where liquid content of the stomach refluxes into the esophagus |
| What is peptic ulcer | hole in the lining of the small intestine, lower esophagus, stomach OR outside the stomach |
| What is ulcerative colitis | Inflammatory bowel disease affects innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum |
| what is alchalasia | Difficult for food to pass into your stomach |
| What is viral hepatitis | Infection that causes inflammation and damage to liver |
| Define jaundice | Yellow tint to skin and eyes caused by excessive bilirubin Which is a substance created when RBC breaks down |
| cholelithiasis (cole la lith si a sis) | Formation of gallstones |
| What is the pancreas responsible for | 1. Exocrine Helps and digestion 2. endocrine produces hormones And insulin |
| Hepatitis C | Viral infection that causes inflammation and damage to the liver silent infection prevention with a vaccine spreads for blood |
| Hepatitis B | Liver infection spread through sex and needles |
| esophageal atresia | The Esophagus does not develop normally occurs before birth |
| Imperfecturate anus | narrowing of anus or no anus |
Created by:
knt5411
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