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Chp. 13
Psychopharmacology: Nicotine & Caffeine
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nicotine | Psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, e-cigarettes, and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) |
| Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) | vape pens and e-hookahs |
| Nicotiana Tabacum (Large-lead Variety) | Principal source of present-day tobacco, originated in South America, where it was domesticated by native peoples more than 5000 years ago. |
| Niotiana Rustica (Small-leaf Variety) | Native to eastern North America and the islands of the West Indies. |
| Nicotiana Tabacum | derived from both Nicot's surname and tabaco, the term for "tobacco" in both Spanish & Portuguese. |
| Hon Lik | A Chinese pharmacist is considered to be the inventor of the modern-e-cigarette |
| How many mg of nicotine is in a cigarette? | The typical tobacco cigarette contains between 6 and 11mg of nicotine, although no more than 1 to 3mg actually reaches the bloodstream of the smoker. |
| What is the normal temperature at the burning tip of a cigarette? | Nicotine in the tobacco is vaporized by the 800C temperature. |
| Tar | a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of which some are known to be carcinogenic. |
| Tar | Is an important contributor to the taste and smell of cigarette smoke, and along with nicotine, these sensory qualities contribute significantly to the reinforcing effects of smoking. |
| How many puffs does a smoker consume? | A typical smoker takes about 10 to 15 total puffs on a cigarette at intervals of approx. 30 to 60 seconds. |
| Cotinine | About 70% to 80% of nicotine in the body is transformed into the principal metabolic |
| Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) | Specific liver enzyme |
| Half- life of nicotine | About 2 hours, although this value can vary with individual differences in metabolism rate. |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACHRs) | are ionotropic receptors that conduct Na ions across the cell membrane and produce a rapid excitatory response by the postsynaptic cell. |
| NAchrs | Found in many parts of the brain, including cerebral cortex, thalamus, straitum, hippocampus, and monoamine-containing nuclei such as the substantianigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA), locus coreuleus, and raphe nuclei |
Created by:
Ciera9105
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