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Hazmat OPS
Introduction to Hazardous Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute exposure | Single occurance |
| Chronic exposure | Long-term, reoccuring |
| Accute health effects | Short term effects that appear within hours or days such as vomiting or diarrhea. |
| Chronic health effects | Long-term effects that may take years to appear, such as cancer. |
| The 3 states of matter | Gas, liquid, and solid |
| Flash Point | The minimum temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface. The vapors will flash but not continue to burn. |
| Fire Point | The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuos burning. |
| Autoignition Temperature | The minimum temperature to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self-sustained combustion without initiation from an independent ignition source. |
| Ignition Temperature | The minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion, independent of the heating or heated element. |
| Flammamble, Explosive, or Combustible Range | The percentage of the gas or vapor concentration in air that will burn or explode if ignited. |
| Vapor Pressure | The pressure produced or exerted by the vapors released by the liquid. |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure. |
| Sublime | Change directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between |
| Vapor Density | The weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. |
| Solubility in Water | The percentage of material that will dissolve in water at an ambient temperature |
| Miscible | Two liquids that dissolve into each other in any proportion |
| Immiscible | Two materials that do not readily dissolve into each other. |
| Specific Gravity | The ratio of the density (heaviness) of a material to the density of some standard material at standard conditions of pressure and temperature. |
| Reactivity | Its relative ability to undergo a chemical reaction with another material |
| Strong Oxidizers | Materials that encourage a strong reaction (by readily accepting electrons) from reducing agents (fuel). |
| Polymerization | A chemical reaction in which a catalyst causes simple molecules to combine to form long chain molecules |
| Inhibitors | Materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction |
| Ionizing Radiation | Radiation that has sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms. |
| Local Toxic Effect | A chemical injury at the site of contact (typically the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth or respiratory tract). |
| Systemic Effects | A toxic chemical absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to other parts of the body. |
| Nephrotoxic Agents | Agents that affect the kidneys. |
| Hematotoxic Agents | Agents that affect the blood. |
| Neurotoxic Agents | Agents that affect the nervous system. |
| Hepatotoxic Agents | Agents that affect the liver. |
| Lethal Dose (LD) | Minimum amount of solid or liquid that when ingested, absorbed, or injected through the skin will cause death. |
| Median Lethal Dose (LD50) | A single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of animals when administered by the oral route |
| Lethal Dose Low (LDLO or LDL) | Lowest administered dose of a material capable of killing a specified test species. |
| Irritants | Toxins that cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to the eyes, skin, or respiratory system. |
| Convulsants | Toxic materials that can cause convulsions (involuntary muscle contractions). |
| Corrosives | Chemicals that destroy or burn living tissues and have destructive effects (cause corrosion, particularly to metals). |
| Acid | Any chemical that ionozes (breaks down) to yeild hydrogen ions in water. Has pH level values of 0-6. |
| Base (alkalis) | Water-soluble compound that breaks apart in water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion. Have pH values from 8-14. |
| Carcinogens | Cancer-causing agents |
| Mutagens | Substances or agents that are capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell; in other words, they effect DNA |
| Teratogens | Substances or agents that are capable of causing developmental abnormalities in utero. |
| Allergens | Substances that cause allergic reactions in people or animals |
| Sensitizers | Chemicals that cause a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure to the chemical |
| Etiological | The exposure to a micro-organism or its toxin that may result in a sever, disabling disease. |
Created by:
firechic3630
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