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CPSYCH UNT5 2021
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian C. Psych. Unit 5 Test Flashcards 2021
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long can your long - term memory retain information? | This part of your memory can retain information indefinitely. |
| What does the term "episodic memory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to your memory for different events that happen to you personally. |
| What does the term "semantic memory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to you knowledge about the world, including knowledge about words & other facts. |
| What does the term "procedural memory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to your knowledge about how to do something. |
| What does the term "encoding" mean where memory is concerned? | This term refers to the processing of information and then representing it in your mind. |
| What does the term "retrieval" mean where memory is concerned? | This term refers to the process of mentally locating and accessing information that is stored in your long - term memory. |
| What does the "levels of processing approach" refer to where memory is concerned? | This term refers to the theory that deep, meaningful processing of information leads to more accurate recall than shallow, sensory kinds of processing. |
| What does the term "distinctiveness" mean where memory is concerned? | This term "means that a stimulus is different from other memory traces". |
| What are the two (2) factors that are important to deep levels of (memory) processing? | Distinctiveness and elaboration. |
| What does the term "elaboration" mean/ refer to where memory is concerned? | This term refers to the "rich processing in terms of meaning and interconnected concepts" where information stored in long - term memory is concerned. |
| What is the "self - referencing effect" where memory is concerned? | This term refers to the idea that you will remember more information if you try to relate it to yourself. |
| How is "meta - analysis" conducted? | This is a statistical analysis procedure in which data from numerous studies about a single topic are synthesized. |
| Give an example of the term "meta - analysis". | One example of this would be if a researcher reviewed several studies over the effect that the number of hours high school students play video games has on their GPA and computed the avg. correlation coefficient. |
| What are the three (3) factors responsible for the "self - referencing effect"? | 1.) The "self" produces an especially rich set of cues; 2.) Self - reference instructions encourage people to consider how their personal traits are interconnected; 3.) You rehearse material more often if you associate it with yourself. |
| What is the "encoding-specificity principle"? | This states that recall is better if the "encoding" and "retrieval" situations are similar. |
| What is one way that you can use the "encoding-specificity principle" in your life? | One way that you can use this is by taking practice quizzes that have the same question type (i.e. short answer, multiple choice, etc.) that you will have on your test. |
| Briefly explain how "recognition tasks" work. | In these tasks, participants must judge whether they saw a particular item at an earlier time. |
| Briefly explain how "recall tasks" work. | In these tasks, participants must reproduce the items they learned earlier. |
| What is one (1) example of a "recall task"? | One example that the textbook listed was asking the reader to recall the definition of the word "elaboration". |
| What is one (1) example of a "recognition task"? | One example that the textbook listed was asking the reader if the word "morphing" appeared earlier in chapter 5. |
| What is the difference between "emotion" and "mood"? | The difference between these is that "emotion" is a reaction to a specific stimulus while "mood" refers to a general, more long - lasting experience. |
| What are two (2) ways that "emotion" and "mood" affect memory? | 1.) We remember pleasant stimuli more accurately than other stimuli; 2.) We remember material more accurately if our mood matches the emotional nature of the material (called "mood congruence"). |
| What is the "Pollyanna Principle"? | This states that pleasant items are usually processed more efficiently and more accurately than less pleasant items. |
| What does the term "positivity effect" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to people's tendency to rate unpleasant past events more positively with the passage of time. |
| What does the term "explicit memory task" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to tasks in which the researcher directly asks participants to remember some information, you realize your memory is being tested, & the test asks you to retrieve information you previously learned. |
| What does the term "implicit memory task" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to tasks where participants see the material and later, during the test phase, you are asked to complete a mental task that does not require direct recall or recognition. |
| When does "dissociation" occur? | This occurs when a variable has large effects on Test A, but little or no effects on Test B. |
| What does the term "retrograde amnesia" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain damage". |
| What does the term "anterograde amnesia" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "loss of the ability to form memories for events that have occurred after brain damage". |
| What is the "own-ethnicity bias"? | This states that you are generally more accurate in identifying members of your own ethnic group than members of other ethnic groups. |
| What does the term "autobiographical memory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to people's memory for events and issues related to themselves. |
| What does the term "ecological validity" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the situation in which the conditions in which the research is conducted are similar to the natural setting to which the results will be applied. |
| What is "consistency bias"? | This is people's tendency to exaggerate the consistency between their past feelings and beliefs and their current viewpoints. |
| What is "source monitoring"? | This is the process of trying to identify the origin of a particular memory. |
| What is "reality monitoring"? | This is when people try to identify whether an event really occurred, or whether they actually imagined it. |
| What does the term "flashbulb memory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "your memory for the circumstances in which you first learned about a very surprising and emotionally arousing event". |
| List three (3) potential problems with "eyewitness testimony". | 1.) People may create memories that are consistent with their schemas; 2.) Eyewitnesses make more errors if there is a long delay between the event & the time of the testimony; 3.) Eyewitnesses make more errors if the misinformation is plausible. |
| What does the "recovered memory perspective" state? | This theory states that some individuals who experienced sexual abuse during childhood managed to forget that memory for many years. |
| What does the "false-memory perspective" propose? | This theory proposes that most "recovered memories" are actually incorrect memories. Instead, they are constructed stories about events that never happened. |
| What does research show regarding the correlation between an eyewitnesses' self-confidence and their memory accuracy? | Research shows that there is no strong correlation between an eyewitnesses' self-confidence and their memory accuracy. |
| What does the Constructivist Approach state where memory is concerned? | This approach states that we construct knowledge by integrating what we know, as a result, our understanding of an event or a topic is coherent, and it makes sense. |
| What is the "post-information effect"? | This effect occurs when someone views and event and is then given misleading information about the event. Later, they are likely to recall the misleading information instead of the actual event. |
| What does the term "retroactive interference" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the phenomena that occurs when people have trouble recalling old material because some recently learned, new material keeps interfering with old memories. |
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